Occurrence and factors associated with aflatoxin contamination of raw peanuts from Lusaka district's markets, Zambia

Bumbangi, N. F.; Muma, John Bwalya; Choongo, Kennedy; Mukanga, Mweshi; Velu, M; Veldman, Frederick Johannes; Hatløy, Anne; Mapatano, MA

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.04.004

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…; Bumbangi et al . ) and greater quantities of aflatoxins were detected. These observations indicate a need for interventions to reduce aflatoxins, particularly in the warmer drier regions, where poor crop storage, common among small‐scale farmers, may exacerbate contamination (Kankolongo et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Aflatoxin contamination of groundnut and maize in Zambia: observed and potential concentrations

Kachapulula

Akello²,

Bandyopadhyay

et al. 2017

J Appl Microbiol

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AimsThe aims of the study were to quantify aflatoxins, the potent carcinogens associated with stunting and immune suppression, in maize and groundnut across Zambia's three agroecologies and to determine the vulnerability to aflatoxin increases after purchase.Methods and ResultsAflatoxin concentrations were determined for 334 maize and groundnut samples from 27 districts using lateral‐flow immunochromatography. Seventeen per cent of crops from markets contained aflatoxin concentrations above allowable levels in Zambia (10 μg kg−1). Proportions of crops unsafe for human consumption differed significantly (P < 0·001) among agroecologies with more contamination (38%) in the warmest (Agroecology I) and the least (8%) in cool, wet Agroecology III. Aflatoxin in groundnut (39 μg kg−1) and maize (16 μg kg−1) differed (P = 0·032). Poor storage (31°C, 100% RH, 1 week) increased aflatoxin in safe crops by over 1000‐fold in both maize and groundnut. The L morphotype of Aspergillus flavus was negatively correlated with postharvest increases in groundnut.ConclusionsAflatoxins are common in Zambia's food staples with proportions of unsafe crops dependent on agroecology. Fungal community structure influences contamination suggesting Zambia would benefit from biocontrol with atoxigenic A. flavus.Significance and Impact of the StudyAflatoxin contamination across the three agroecologies of Zambia is detailed and the case for aflatoxin management with atoxigenic biocontrol agents provided. The first method for evaluating the potential for aflatoxin increase after purchase is presented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Aflatoxin contamination of groundnut and maize in Zambia: observed and potential concentrations

Kachapulula

Akello²,

Bandyopadhyay

et al. 2017

J Appl Microbiol

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“…Thus, legal tolerance limits based on scientific evidence obtained from risk assessment in different countries have been set for AFB 1 and total aflatoxin (AF) in foods and feeds. The limits vary between 4 and 20 parts per billion (ppb) through different countries [93]. The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) has adopted the maximum permissible limits for AFs in unprocessed peanuts and tree nuts, which is 15 ppb as well as10 ppb in ready-to-eat tree nuts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) has adopted the maximum permissible limits for AFs in unprocessed peanuts and tree nuts, which is 15 ppb as well as10 ppb in ready-to-eat tree nuts. However, European Union (EU) has adopted the level of 4ppb, which is the strictest limit in the world for AFs [93].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Control of Aflatoxin Contamination at Harvest, Drying, Pre‐ Storage and Storage Periods in Peanut: The New Approach

Lavkor¹,

Var²

2017

Aflatoxin-Control, Analysis, Detection and Health Risks

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Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are contaminants of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.). Aflatoxin contamination is a serious concern given their hepatotoxic properties and their widespread occurrence during cultivation, harvest, drying and storage. Management of aflatoxin contamination of peanut is very important using cultural practice such as habitat management, soil amendments and pre-and post-harvest managements, using physical control methods, biological control methods and chemical control methods at harvest, drying, pre-storage and storage periods. Some procedures such as upkeep of low temperature and relative humidity (RH) in storage, keeping away the pod-and seed-feeding insects, doing the harvest and post-harvest procedure control, fast post-harvest drying, optimal timing of digging and harvest, providing optimum water to the crop through irrigation, avoiding mechanical damage during cultivation and optimal timing of digging and harvest might prevent the contamination of aflatoxin. In this review, various strategies for control of aflatoxin in peanuts in all periods are discussed.

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“…The primary sampling units were the markets (broadly classi ed as Open markets and Supermarkets) and the secondary sampling units were the raw retail broiler chicken carcasses. An open market was de ned as an unrestricted market, not housed in a building, where food products are often sold exposed, while a supermarket was de ned as a restricted market, housed in a closed building with modernized facilities (Bumbangi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from Raw Retail Broiler Chicken Carcasses in Zambia

Muonga

Mainda

Mukuma

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) of foodborne pathogens is of public health concern, especially in developing countries such as Zambia. This study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Salmonella isolated from raw retail broiler chicken carcasses purchased from open and supermarkets in Zambia.ResultsA total of 189 E. coli and five Salmonella isolates were isolated. Identification and confirmation of the isolates were done using Analytical Profile Index (API 20E) (Biomerieux ® ) and 16S rRNA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) were performed using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique using a panel of 10 antibiotics. Multiplex PCR was used to determine the presence of three target genes encoding for resistance: tet A, Sul 1 and bla CTX-M . WHONET 2018 software was used to analyse AST results. The E. coli isolates were mostly resistant to tetracycline (79.4%), ampicillin (51.9%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (49.7%). Two of the five Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Forty- seven (45.2%) of the 104 isolates that were screened for the presence of the resistant genes possessed at least one of the targeted resistance genes.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated the presence of AMR E. coli and Salmonella on raw retail broiler chicken carcasses from open and supermarkets, which is of public health concern.

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Occurrence and factors associated with aflatoxin contamination of raw peanuts from Lusaka district's markets, Zambia

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Aflatoxin contamination of groundnut and maize in Zambia: observed and potential concentrations

Aflatoxin contamination of groundnut and maize in Zambia: observed and potential concentrations

The Control of Aflatoxin Contamination at Harvest, Drying, Pre‐ Storage and Storage Periods in Peanut: The New Approach

Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from Raw Retail Broiler Chicken Carcasses in Zambia

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