Occurrence and distribution of UV-filters and other anthropogenic contaminants in coastal surface water, sediment, and coral tissue from Hawaii

Mitchelmore, Carys L.; He, Ke; Gonsior, Michael; Hain, Ethan; Heyes, Andrew; Clark, Cheryl; Younger, Rick; Schmitt‐Kopplin, Philippe; Feerick, Anna; Conway, Annaleise; Blaney, Lee

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.034

Cited by 164 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Further research is needed to understand the toxicity of UV filters on corals. 48,49 It might thus be that the changes required to slow global warming may seem too daunting to the average person compared with giving up the use of certain sunscreens. In addition to coral reefs, environmental concerns of sunscreens include bioaccumulation and bio-persistence of certain poorly biodegradable UV filters, which can be found in fish and hence potentially enter the food chain.…”

Section: Sunscreens and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marine coral populations are highly labile to several environmental stressors such as increasing water temperatures of the oceans, detergent residues and other contaminants. Further research is needed to understand the toxicity of UV filters on corals . It might thus be that the changes required to slow global warming may seem too daunting to the average person compared with giving up the use of certain sunscreens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photoprotection of the future: challenges and opportunities

Krutmann

Passeron

Gilaberte

et al. 2020

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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The use of sunscreens is an important and essential component of photoprotection. Since their introduction during the first half of the last century, sunscreens have benefited enormously from major technological advances such as the development of novel UV filters; as a result, their efficacy in preventing UV‐induced erythema is unequivocal. More recently, however, new challenges have appeared, which have prompted a robust discussion about the safety of sunscreens. These include topics directly related to photoprotection of human skin such as improved/alternative methods for standardization of assessment of the efficacy of sunscreens, but also many others such as photoprotection beyond UV, concerns about human toxicity and ecological safety, the potential of oral photoprotective measures, consequences of innovative galenic formulations. On a first glance, some of these might raise questions and doubts among dermatologists, physicians and the general public about the use sunscreens as a means of photoprotection. This situation has prompted us to critically review such challenges, but also opportunities, based on existing scientific evidence. We conclude by providing our vision about how such challenges can be met best in the future in an attempt to create the ideal sunscreen, which should provide adequate and balanced protection and be easy and safe to use.

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Section: Sunscreens and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoprotection of the future: challenges and opportunities

Krutmann

Passeron

Gilaberte

et al. 2020

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…An increasing number of studies report the world wide occurrence of synthetic UV filters in coastal waters (Downs et al, 2016;Tsui et al, 2017;Schaap and Slijkerman, 2018;Mitchelmore et al, 2019) as a consequence of either outdoor tourism or waste water discharge due to use of sunscreens or industrial applications (Giokas et al, 2007). In marine waters, UV filters such as oxybenzone are generally found at levels in the order of ng L -1 (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxybenzone is moderately lipophilic (log 10 K ow = 3.79 , log 10 BAF 2.21-3.01, Tsui et al, 2017) and has been shown to bioaccumulate in clams, urchins and prawns, reaching levels up to 100 ng/g dry weight (Ramos et al, 2015). As oxybenzone and other UV filters recently have been found in wild coral tissue samples at levels up to 38.4 ng/g wet weight in Hong Kong (Tsui et al, 2017) and up to 241 ng/g dry weight in coral tissues of Hawaii (Mitchelmore et al, 2019), it is vital that the environmental consequences of UV filters are studied in more detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic UV filters such as oxybenzone (benzophenone-3) can be harmful to corals and their larvae (Danovaro et al, 2008;Downs et al, 2016;He et al, 2019). Research suggests that oxybenzone might act as an endocrine disruptor during skeletal development (Downs et al 2016) and that oxybenzone promotes coral bleaching by inducing a viral lytic cycle in zooxanthellae (Danovaro et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adding insult to injury: Effects of chronic oxybenzone exposure and elevated temperature on two reef-building corals

Wijgerde

Ballegooijen

Nijland

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractWe studied the effect of chronic oxybenzone exposure and elevated temperature on coral health. Microcolonies of Stylophora pistillata and Acropora tenuis were cultured in 20 flow-through aquaria, of which 10 were exposed to oxybenzone at a field-relevant concentration of ~0.06 μg L−1 at 26 °C. After two weeks, half of the corals experienced a heat wave culminating at 33 °C. All S. pistillata colonies survived the heat wave, although heat reduced growth and zooxanthellae density, irrespective of oxybenzone. A. tenuis survival was reduced to 0% at 32 °C, and oxybenzone accelerated mortality. Oxybenzone and heat significantly reduced photosynthetic yield in both species, causing a 5% and 22−33% decrease, respectively. In addition, combined oxybenzone and temperature stress altered the abundance of five bacterial families in the microbiome of S. pistillata. Our results suggest that oxybenzone adds insult to injury by further weakening corals in the face of global warming.Highlights➢Chronic effect study on corals combining oxybenzone and elevated temperature➢Oxybenzone affected photosystem II of coral photosymbionts and altered coral microbiome➢Temperature effects were stronger than oxybenzone effects➢Sensitivities were species-dependent➢Oxybenzone adds insult to injury by weakening corals in the face of global warming