Occurrence and Distribution of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Multi-Industry Sources to Water, Sediments and Plants along Nairobi River Basin, Kenya

Chirikona, Florah; Quinete, Natalia; Gonzalez, Jesleen; Mutua, Gershom Kyalo; Kimosop, Selly; Orata, Francis

doi:10.3390/ijerph19158980

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Fluorinated surfactants, commercially available since the 1950s, have become indispensable in various industries due to their unique properties, including low aqueous surface tension, foaming abilities, and chemical stability (Eisentein et al, 2017). These surfactants, find application in firefighting foams, coatings, mining, electroplating, and photography (Chirikona et al, 2022) as depicted in Figure 1. Moreover, PFAS play a vital role in the synthesis of diverse products, such as electrical cables, surfactants, carpets, rugs, firefighting materials, pesticides, packaging, and paints (Eisentein et al, 2017;Chirikona et al, 2022).…”

Section: Origin and Historical Use Of Pfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These surfactants, find application in firefighting foams, coatings, mining, electroplating, and photography (Chirikona et al, 2022) as depicted in Figure 1. Moreover, PFAS play a vital role in the synthesis of diverse products, such as electrical cables, surfactants, carpets, rugs, firefighting materials, pesticides, packaging, and paints (Eisentein et al, 2017;Chirikona et al, 2022).…”

Section: Origin and Historical Use Of Pfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) present a formidable challenge to water systems due to their widespread presence in everyday consumer products and industrial processes (Groffen et al, 2018;Groffen et al, 2021;Chirikona et al, 2022). The disposal of PFAS-containing materials from these products into water channels emerges as a major source of contamination (Groffen et al, 2021).…”

Section: Sources and Pathways Of Pfas Contamination In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in lipid and glucose metabolism have also been associated with PFAS exposure, with inconsistent findings across studies. However, PFAS have been linked to metabolic syndrome and its components, and PFOS exposure has been positively associated with elevated glucose levels (Christensen et al, 2019;Preston et al, 2020). Experimental research suggests that PFAS can enhance insulin production and promote insulin resistance, indicating a potential impact on glucose metabolism (Qin et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020;Alderete et al, 2019;Lin et al, 2019).…”

Section: Effects On Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Environmental Remediation of Perfluoroalkyl Substances: Current and Emerging Strategies

2023

JEES

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Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent a significant challenge to environmental systems due to their extensive presence in everyday consumer products and industrial processes, resulting in the contamination of water and soil sources and consequent negative impact on human health. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current approaches and their potential for mitigating the environmental impact of these persistent substances. By exploring technological advances in the remediation of PFAS, this review intends to contribute to the understanding appropriate technologies to mitigate the environmental risks associated with PFAS. By focusing on combined treatment strategies, synergistic approaches, advanced tools, and addressing knowledge gaps, more efficient, sustainable, and reliable technologies can be developed for the environmental management of contaminants of interest.

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Section: Origin and Historical Use Of Pfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Origin and Historical Use Of Pfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sources and Pathways Of Pfas Contamination In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects On Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Environmental Remediation of Perfluoroalkyl Substances: Current and Emerging Strategies

2023

JEES

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“…Non‐domestic discharges associated with PFAS include metal coating and finishing operations, electronics manufacturing, automotive body shops, textiles, packaging, and many others. Depending on sewershed characteristics and industrial activity, diffuse domestic sources, such as domestic laundry, can also be significant (Chirikona et al, 2022). Aqueous film‐forming foams (AFFFs) used in some firefighting training and emergency response situations contain high concentrations of PFAS (Langberg et al, 2019; Rotander et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Per‐ and poly‐fluoroalkyl substances removal in multi‐barrier advanced water purification system for indirect potable reuse

Li,

Haak,

Guarin

et al. 2024

Water Environment Research

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The study evaluated the removal efficacy of per‐ and poly‐fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) across various advanced water treatment (AWT) processes in a field‐scale AWT train using secondary effluent samples from a full‐scale water reclamation facility (WRF). Samples collected from April to October 2020 revealed PFCAs as the dominant PFAS compounds in the WRF secondary effluent, with PFPeA having the highest average concentration and PFSAs in notably lower amounts. Temporal fluctuations in total PFAS concentrations peaked in September 2020, which may reflect the seasonality in PFAS discharges related to applications like AFFFs and pesticides. In assessing AWT processes, coagulation‐flocculation‐clarification‐filtration system showed no notable PFAS reduction, while ozonation resulted in elevated PFBS and PFBA concentrations. Biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration effectively removed long‐chain PFAS like PFOS and PFHxS but saw increased concentrations of short‐chain PFAS post‐treatment. Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration was the most effective treatment, reducing all PFSAs below the detection limits and significantly decreasing most PFCAs, though short‐chain PFCAs persisted. UV treatment did not remove short‐chain PFCAs such as PFBA, PFPeA, and PFHxA. The findings highlight the efficacy of AWT processes like GAC in PFAS reduction for potable reuse, but also underscore the challenge presented by short‐chain PFAS, emphasizing the need for tailored treatment strategies.Practitioner Points Secondary effluents showed higher concentrations of PFCAs compared to PFSAs. Advanced water treatment effectively removes long‐chain PFAS but not short‐chain. Ozonation may contribute to formation of short‐chain PFAS. BAC is less effective on short‐chain PFAS, requiring further GAC treatment.

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Retention of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances by syringe filters

He,

Feerick,

Jin

et al. 2024

Environ Chem Lett

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are being increasingly measured in water and wastewater due to emerging toxicity concerns and strict regulatory limits. Previous studies have filtered water samples to remove suspended solids before PFAS analysis. However, filtration may introduce negative bias to measured PFAS concentrations. Using a well-controlled syringe pump assembly, we evaluated retention of six perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, three perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, one fluorotelomer sulfonate, and two perfluorooctane sulfonamides by glass-fiber, glass-fiber cellulose acetate, nylon, polyethersulfone, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride/ difluoride, and surfactant-free cellulose acetate filters. The impacts of water quality and operational parameters were also investigated for select filter types. We found that PFAS were retained on all filters, with the glass-fiber cellulose acetate filters demonstrating the lowest retention. For all filters, PFAS retention was linearly related to chain length and hydrophobicity above certain thresholds (i.e., log D higher than 1.5). Importantly, more PFAS were retained at low filtrate volumes, and ~ 30 mL filtrate was required before the retention efficiencies stabilized. Solution pH only affected the retention of perfluorooctane sulfonamides. Pore size (i.e., 0.20, 0.45, 0.70 µm), filtration rate (i.e., 0.5, 1.0 mL min−1), and PFAS concentration (i.e., 10, 100 µg L−1), did not exert major influences on PFAS retention. The presence of dissolved organic matter improved PFAS permeation. Based on the reported results, filtration introduces bias and is not recommended for sample pretreatment.

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Occurrence and Distribution of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Multi-Industry Sources to Water, Sediments and Plants along Nairobi River Basin, Kenya

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

Environmental Remediation of Perfluoroalkyl Substances: Current and Emerging Strategies

Environmental Remediation of Perfluoroalkyl Substances: Current and Emerging Strategies

Per‐ and poly‐fluoroalkyl substances removal in multi‐barrier advanced water purification system for indirect potable reuse

Retention of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances by syringe filters

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