Occurrence and distribution of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus in commercial Rubus plantations in England and Wales

Abstract

Serological surveys for Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) made between 1995 and 1997 and covering < 10% of the commercial farms growing Rubus (red raspberry and hybrid berries) in England and Wales showed that this virus was present on approximately one-quarter of all farms and in approximately one-sixth of all plots tested. RBDV was found in all of the four main raspberry cultivars being grown at that time (Autumn Bliss, Glen Moy, Glen Prosen and Leo), in Loganberry and in Tayberry. Fifteen RBDV genotypes (including two that appeared to be mixed) were identified using RT-PCR/RFLPs, but the majority of genotypes were found only rarely. Of the RBDV isolates tested, two genotypes each comprised 12´5% and another 46´4%. None of the three most common genotypes was associated solely with single Rubus cultivars and vice versa. It is suggested that two separate outbreaks of RBDV are occurring in England and Wales. One outbreak comprises the most frequent genotype combined with one of the moderately frequent genotypes; this outbreak is largely confined to the main growing areas and is either spreading between farms or coming from multiple local sources. Circumstantial evidence suggests that these isolates (and hence this first outbreak) are of the RB pathotype. The second outbreak consists of the other moderately frequent genotype and those genotypes which are less common. These genotypes appear to be more scattered across England and Wales and seem more likely to be coming from local sources and not to be spreading naturally between commercial farms.

High-Throughput Sequencing of Small RNAs for Diagnostics of Grapevine Viruses and Viroids in Russia

“…The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10 .3390/v13122432/s1. Supplementary Figures: Figure S1 S1: Basic information about the sampled vineyards; Table S2: Primers used for validation of the HTS results [28,29,39,47,61,117,[137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151]; Table S3: Primers used for the phylogenetic analysis [21,29,47,57,61,110,142,144,145,147,149,[152][153][154][155][156][157]; Table S4: Amplified sequences of viruses uploaded into GenBank with their identifiers; Table S5: Initial statistics for the sequencing results; Table S6: Summary of the two bioinformatic approaches used in the study for the sRNA HTS analysis according to libraries and viruses; Table S7: Supplementary information on th...…”

Combined thermotherapy and cryotherapy for efficient virus eradication: relation of virus distribution, subcellular changes, cell survival and viral RNA degradation in shoot tips

“…Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) is one of the viruses commonly infecting raspberries ( Rubus idaeus L.) (Barbara et al. , 2001).…”

Comparison of Sugar, Acids, and Volatile Composition in Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus-Resistant Transgenic Raspberries and the Wild Type ‘Meeker’ (Rubus IdaeusL.)

“…With the change in cultivars and increased planting density, there has been a rapid increase in the incidence of raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV). RBDV, genus Idaeovirus , occurs naturally worldwide and can infect most bramble species and cultivars – . RBDV is a pollen- and seed-borne virus that is commonly found in red and black raspberry.…”