Occurrence and Distribution of Grapevine Yellows Caused by Stolbur Phytoplasma in Montenegro

Radonjić, Sanja; Hrnčić, Snježana; Jović, Jelena; Cvrković, Tatjana; Krstić, Oliver; Krnjajić, Slobodan; Toševski, Ivo

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.2009.01560.x

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…P. solani' in field-collected plant and insect material was detected by using a modification of the stolbur-specific Stol11 protocol with an F2/R1 primer pair for direct PCR, followed by F3/R2 for nested PCR (Clair et al 2003). DNA amplification was performed in a 20 μl reaction volume by following amplification conditions according to Radonjić et al (2009). DNA extracts of BN-infected grapevines from Serbia (Cvrković et al 2014) were used as a positive control in all amplification reactions.…”

Section: Dna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular epidemiology of bois noir grapevine yellows caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ in the Republic of Macedonia

et al. 2015

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Bois noir (BN), which is induced by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' ('Ca. P. solani'), is an important grapevine yellows disease that causes severe damage in viticultural regions throughout the EuroMediterranean basin. An epidemiological survey to determine potential insect vectors and the primary reservoir plants of BN phytoplasma in Macedonian vineyards was undertaken between 2012 and 2013 in the southeastern part of the country. A study on the species diversity from the suborder Auchenorrhycha revealed the prevalence of the principal vector of 'Ca. P. solani', which is the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus. Reptalus panzeri, which is the second-most documented BN vector, was not recorded in Macedonian vineyards. Three leafhopper species, namely Psammotettix alienus, Artianus manderstjernii and Euscelis incisus, were also widespread in the BNaffected vineyards, but only H. obsoletus tested positive for 'Ca. P. solani'. Molecular characterizations were performed by the sequencing and/or RFLP typing of tuf, vmp1 and stamp genes, and the results were used to gain detailed insight into the molecular diversity of the 'Ca. P. solani' strains associated with grapevines, tentative reservoir plants (Urtica dioica and Convolvulus arvensis) and the H. obsoletus associated with these plants. Among the 91 'Ca. P. solani' strains detected in diverse plant and insect hosts, three tuf, five vmp1 and 11 distinct stamp genotypes were identified. Twelve comprehensive genotypes of 'Ca. P. solani' were detected according to the tuf/vmp1/stamp genotyping. The highest diversity of genotypes was detected among the strains from H. obsoletus individuals associated with U. dioica, of which the most frequent genotype was tuf-ab/V18/M1 (43 %). The tuf-b/V2-TA/STOL comprehensive genotype was found in 33 % of naturally infected grapevines. Two 'Ca. P. solani' genotypes were associated with U. dioica, namely (i) tuf-ab/V18/M1 (60 %) and tuf-a/V3/M4 (40 %), and only one genotype (tuf-b/V2-TA/Rqg50) was associated with C. arvensis.

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Section: Dna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular epidemiology of bois noir grapevine yellows caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ in the Republic of Macedonia

et al. 2015

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“…Tuf-types have also been associated with insect vectors of stolbur (Kaul et al 2009). Association of stolbur tuf-types with cultivated crops, wild host plants and insect vectors may lead to accurate identification of the sources of inoculum for the different stolbur genotypes infecting crops, in addition to their insect vectors (Langer and Maixner 2004;Fialova et al 2009;Kaul et al 2009;Radonjic et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey and molecular detection of phytoplasmas associated with potato in Romania and southern Russia

Ember¹,

Ács²,

Munyaneza³

et al. 2011

Eur J Plant Pathol

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In recent years, emerging phytoplasma diseases of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) have increasingly become important in central and eastern Europe. Accurate identification of phytoplasmas and their insect vectors is essential to developing effective management strategies for diseases caused by these plant pathogens. Potato phytoplasma diseases in Europe were for a long time diagnosed only on the basis of visual symptoms. However, this approach is not very reliable and the use of modern molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is required in order to accurately determine the etiology of these phytoplasma diseases. A survey and identification of phytoplasmas associated with potato crops in Romania and southern Russia were conducted based on modern molecular techniques. Symptomatic potato plants were collected from several fields and tested for phytoplasmas by PCR.Also, selected crops and weeds in the vicinity of these potato fields were sampled and tested for phytoplasmas. Stolbur ("Candidatus Phytoplasma solani"; 16SrXII-A) was the only phytoplasma detected in potato and adjacent crops, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum), eggplant (Solanum melongena), and beet (Beta vulgaris). This phytoplasma was also detected in weeds, particularly Convolvulus arvensis, Cuscuta sp., and Euphorbia falcata. Genotyping of obtained stolbur isolates on tuf genes revealed that they all had the same RFLP profile corresponding to the tuf-type 'b' (VK Type II). Stolbur-affected potato plants produced a large number of spongy tubers that resulted in commercially unacceptable potato chips upon processing.

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“…Phytoplasma solani’‐specific Stol11 nested PCR protocol with the Stol11F2/R1 and Stol11F3/R2 primer pair (Daire et al ., ; Clair et al ., ), following the reaction conditions according to Radonjić et al . (). DNA extracts of ‘ Ca .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For epidemiological tracing of BN‐inducing ‘ Ca . Phytoplasma solani’ genotypes, previously reported DNA from material of infected grapevines from Montenegro (Radonjić et al ., ), as well as newly collected samples of grapevines with symptoms taken from the same vineyards (Table ), were used. Additional sampling was performed to increase the overall number of characterized BN isolates infecting grapevine per vineyard to at least six.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular tracing of the transmission routes of bois noir in Mediterranean vineyards of Montenegro and experimental evidence for the epidemiological role of Vitex agnus‐castus (Lamiaceae) and associated Hyalesthes obsoletus (Cixiidae)

et al. 2015

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Epidemiological aspects and transmission routes of bois noir (BN), a grapevine yellows disease induced by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’, have been exhaustively studied in the affected vineyards of continental Europe but not in the Mediterranean coastal zone. Because ‘Ca. Phytoplasma solani’ and its principal vector Hyalesthes obsoletus presumably originate from the Mediterranean, gaining knowledge of the epidemiological peculiarities of the disease in this area is essential for understanding its global spread and diversification, as well as for designing local management strategies. In this study, molecular epidemiology was applied to trace transmission pathways of ‘Ca. Phytoplasma solani’ in the Mediterranean vineyards of Montenegro, using multilocus sequence typing of tuf, vmp1 and stamp genes of the isolates associated with various hosts. Thus, ‘Ca. Phytoplasma solani’ was tracked from a tentative reservoir plant (inoculum source) through an associated vector population to the infected grapevine. Three pathways of transmission were documented, originating from Urtica dioica, Convolvulus arvensis and Vitex agnus‐castus; however, only the route originating from U. dioica was direct, whereas the latter two were overlapping and could be intermixed. Vitex agnus‐castus is a natural source of ‘Ca. Phytoplasma solani’, representing an important link in disease epidemiology in the Mediterranean and a possible origin of several genotypes occurring in central Europe. Experimental confirmation of the role of Vitex‐associated H. obsoletus in BN transmission in Montenegrin vineyards indicates its tentative role as a vector in the wide area of the Mediterranean, where some of the major wine‐producing regions are located.

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Occurrence and Distribution of Grapevine Yellows Caused by Stolbur Phytoplasma in Montenegro

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

The molecular epidemiology of bois noir grapevine yellows caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ in the Republic of Macedonia

The molecular epidemiology of bois noir grapevine yellows caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ in the Republic of Macedonia

Survey and molecular detection of phytoplasmas associated with potato in Romania and southern Russia

Molecular tracing of the transmission routes of bois noir in Mediterranean vineyards of Montenegro and experimental evidence for the epidemiological role of Vitex agnus‐castus (Lamiaceae) and associated Hyalesthes obsoletus (Cixiidae)

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