Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in Ba River, China

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Eur

Background: Qingcaosha Reservoir is China's largest river impoundment and an important drinking water resource for Shanghai city. Although antibiotics contamination in the reservoir has been reported, little is known about the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, the occurrence and distribution of 12 ARGs and the class 1 integron gene (intI-1) in water and sediments collected from the reservoir were investigated for 1 year. Results: The 12 ARGs were detected in both water and sediment samples, and no significant temporal or spatial variations were observed. Sulfonamide resistance genes were predominant in the reservoir with a detection frequency of 100%. Statistical analysis indicated a positive correlation in relative abundance between some ARGs such as sul1, sul2, and intI-1. Most ARGs were negatively correlated with total nitrogen and positively correlated with chemical oxygen demand and chlorophyll-a. Conclusion: In general, ARGs were found to be prevalent in Qingcaosha Reservoir, among which sulfonamide resistance genes were the most dominant and tetB was the least. intI-1 may facilitate the proliferation and propagation of some ARGs, especially sul1 and sul2. The abundance of ARGs was well correlated with aquatic environmental factors in water, providing potential clues for the control of ARG contamination.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the water and sediments of Qingcaosha Reservoir, Shanghai, China

Huang

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Eur

“…The β-lactam resistance genes were also commonly found and of relatively high abundance, with the concentrations decreased from TEM-1, OXA-1 and ampC. The TEM-1 gene is the most frequently detected among the β-lactams resistance genes, the levels of TEM-1 were higher than those in three man-made reservoirs in Spain (10 -4 -10 -3 genes/16S rRNA gene abundance) [51] and Taihu Lake (10 -4 -10 -3 genes copies/16S rRNA gene copies) [17], but comparable to Ba River [52]. The qnrS gene is related with plasmid-borne fluoroquinolone resistance that has become increasingly prevalent in anthropogenically-influenced environments [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Characteristics of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in Qingcaosha Reservoir in Yangtze River Delta, China

Guo

et al. 2020

Preprint

Background Aquatic ecosystems are considered to be among the most important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Drinking water sources were usually parts of lakes and rivers in Yangtze River Delta, among which Qingcaosha Reservoir is the largest river impoundment and benefit the population of more than 13 million for Shanghai city. In this study, we aimed at investigating the distribution of antibiotics and ARGs to characterize the pollution across various sites in Qingcaosha Reservoir in three seasons. Results Sulfamethoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine and penicillin G potassium salt were the dominant antibiotics and of high detection frequencies in this reservoir. Sulfonamide resistance genes ( sul1 and sul2 ) were the most prevalent and predominant genes. Higher total relative abundance of the ARGs were detected in the site closest to the inflow than those in other sites. Overall, the concentrations of antibiotics in May (spring) were relatively lower than November (autumn) and February (winter). Correlation analysis indicated sul1 , ermB and mphA had positive correlation with corresponding antibiotics in February and intI1 was also greatly positively correlated to sul1 , sul2 , ermB and mphA . Conclusion In conclusion, the antibiotics and ARGs were widespread in Qingcaosha Reservoir. Our result indicated that the drinking water reservoir might serve as gene reservoir for antibiotic resistance and mobile gene element intI1 can serve as a medium to contribute to the widespread of various ARGs. What is more, we considered that Reservoir could be served as a functional area contributing to the elimination of ARGs.

“…The β-lactam resistance genes were also commonly found and of relatively high abundance, with the concentrations decreased from TEM-1, OXA-1 and ampC. The TEM-1 gene was the most frequently detected among the β-lactams resistance genes, the levels of TEM-1 were higher than those in three man-made reservoirs in Spain (10 −4 -10 −3 genes/16S rRNA gene abundance) [50] and Taihu Lake (10 −4 -10 −3 genes copies/16S rRNA gene copies) [17], but comparable to Ba River [51]. The qnrS gene is related with plasmid-borne fluoroquinolone resistance that has become increasingly prevalent in anthropogenically influenced environments [52].…”

Section: Fig 5 Correlations Between Several Antibiotics and Args In mentioning

confidence: 88%

Characteristics of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in Qingcaosha Reservoir in Yangtze River Delta, China

Guo

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Eur

Background: Aquatic ecosystems are considered to be among the most important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Drinking water sources could serve as critical points of ARGs transfer from environment to human. In this study, the distribution of antibiotics and ARGs across Qingcaosha Reservoir located in the Yangtze River Delta during three seasons was investigated to characterize the pollution patterns. Results: Sulfamethoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine and penicillin G potassium salt were the dominant antibiotics in this reservoir. Sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) were the most prevalent and predominant genes. Higher total relative abundance of the ARGs was detected in the site closest to the inflow than those in other sites. Overall, the concentrations of antibiotics in May were relatively lower than those in November and February. Correlation analysis indicated sul1, ermB and mphA had positive correlation with corresponding antibiotics in February and sul1, sul2, ermB and mphA was also positively correlated to intI1. Conclusion: In conclusion, antibiotics and ARGs were widespread in Qingcaosha Reservoir. Our results indicated that the drinking water reservoir might serve as gene reservoir for antibiotic resistance and mobile gene element intI1 can serve as a medium to contribute to the widespread of various ARGs. As the ARGs abundance was found to be higher in the inflow of the reservoir compared to the outflow, it is considered that reservoir could serve as a functional area contributing to the elimination or dilution of ARGs.