Occurrence and Distribution of Ammonium in Iowa Groundwater

Schilling, Keith E.

doi:10.2175/106143002x139893

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Its presence in groundwater can be related to geological factors such as the decay of material undergoing fossilization [30], but, if associated with microbiological compounds, also to sewers and/or livestock farms [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Grey Water Footprint Assessment of Groundwater Chemical Pollution: Case Study in Salento (Southern Italy)

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The worsening of groundwater quality is a huge problem for some regions, especially where a karst aquifer system is the most important water resource because of the deficiency of a well-developed superficial water supply. In this study the chemical quality of a deep aquifer of the Salento peninsula (Southern Italy), where a shallow aquifer and an extensive deep aquifer are exploited as a source of drinking water and irrigation water, was monitored. The indicator used to assess the sustainability of pollution produce by human activities is the "grey water footprint" (GWF) which measures the amount of water required to assimilate a polluting load produced from anthropic activity. The GWF, calculated for each chemical parameter, shows a widespread contamination by Mercury (Hg), Vanadium (V) and Ammonium (NH 4 + ) with concentrations above the limits (Lgs. D. 31/2001). The high Mercury and Vanadium concentrations may thus be associated with anthropic pressures on the aquifer, while Ammonium derives mainly from fertilizers used in agriculture. The situation that emerged involves reflections on the continuous human pressure on natural resources. Therefore, the management of groundwater quality requires a multidisciplinary approach focused on identifying the measures necessary to protect our water resources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Grey Water Footprint Assessment of Groundwater Chemical Pollution: Case Study in Salento (Southern Italy)

et al. 2017

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“…All samples with concentrations of ammonia of 1 mg/L as N or higher were from wells in the confined area of Iowa and Illinois. Schilling (2002) documented the occurrence and distribution of ammonium in Iowa groundwater in a study that looked at 841 municipal water-supply wells. Naturally occurring ammonium was found in all major aquifers in Iowa, including a mean concentration of 0.82 mg/L in CambrianOrdovician wells.…”

Section: Occurrence and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the wells with an ammonia concentration that exceeded 1 mg/L, 88 percent were in the regionally confined areas of Iowa and Illinois. It appears that, once generated, ammonia is preserved in the reducing environment of the confined areas of the aquifer system and remains stable for a long time (Schilling, 2002).…”

Section: Occurrence and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-quality assessment of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States

Wilson¹

2012

Scientific Investigations Report

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For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS.For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprodTo order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. ForewordThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is committed to providing the Nation with reliable scientific information that helps to enhance and protect the overall quality of life and that facilitates effective management of water, biological, energy, and mineral resources (http://www.usgs.gov/). Information on the Nation's water resources is critical to ensuring long-term availability of water that is safe for drinking and recreation and is suitable for industry, irrigation, and fish and wildlife. Population growth and increasing demands for water make the availability of that water, measured in terms of quantity and quality, even more essential to the long-term sustainability of our communities and ecosystems.The USGS implemented the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program in 1991 to support national, regional, State, and local information needs and decisions related to water-quality management and policy (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa). The NAWQA Program is designed to answer: What is the quality of our Nation's streams and groundwater? How are conditions changing over time? How do natural features and human activities affect the quality of streams and groundwater, and where are those effects most pronounced? By combining information on water chemistry, physical characteristics, stream habitat, and aquatic life, the NAWQA Program aims to provide science-based insights for current and emerging water issues and priorities. From 1991 to 2001, the NAWQA Program completed interdisciplinary assessments and established a baseline understanding of water-quality conditions in 51 of the Nation's river basins and aquifers, referred to as Study Units (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/ studies/study_units.html ).In the second decade of the Program (2001Program ( -2012, a major focus is on regional assessments of water-quality conditions and trends. These regional assessments are based on major river basins and principal aquifers, which encompass larger regions of the country than the Study Units. Regional assessments extend the findings in the Study Units by filling critical gaps in characterizing the quality of surface water and groundwater, and by determining water-quality status and trends at sites that have been consistently monitored for more than a decade. In addition, the regional assessments continue to build an un...

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“…Nitrogen compounds are the most widespread contaminants in subsurface environments, mainly originating from non-point and multi-point agricultural sources (Freeze and Cherry 1979;Rodvang and Simpkins 2001;Schilling 2002). Epidemiological evidence suggests that nitrate-nitrogen exposure is strongly associated with several diseases, such as methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome), gastric cancer, thyroid disease and diabetes (Knobeloch et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing nitrate contamination and its potential health risk to Kinmen residents

Liu

Lin

Jang

et al. 2010

Environ Geochem Health

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Kinmen is located in the southwest of Mainland China. Groundwater supplies 50% of the domestic water use on the island. Residents of Kinmen drink groundwater over the long term because surface water resources are limited. Nitrate-N pollution is found and distributed primarily in the western part of groundwater aquifer whereas saline groundwater is distributed to the northeastern Kinmen. This work applied the DRASTIC model to construct the vulnerability map of Kinmen groundwater. MT3D was then used to evaluate the contamination potential of nitrate-N. The health risk associated with the ingestion of nitrate-N contaminated groundwater is also assessed. The results from DRASTIC model showed that the upland crop and grass land have high contamination potential, whereas the forest, reservoir and housing land have low contamination potential. The calibrated MT3D model inversely determined the high strength sources (0.09-2.74 kg/m(2)/year) of nitrate contaminant located in the west to the north west area and required 2-5 years travel time to reach the monitoring wells. Simulated results of MT3D also showed that both the continuous and instantaneous contaminant sources of nitrate-N release may cause serious to moderate nitrate contamination in the western Kinmen and jeopardize the domestic use of groundwater. The chronic health hazard quotient (HQ) associated with the potential non-carcinogenic risk of drinking nitrate-N contaminated groundwater showed that the assessed 95th percentile of HQ is 2.74, indicating that exposure to waterborne nitrate poses a potential non-cancer risk to the residents of the island. Corrective measures, including protecting groundwater recharge zones and reducing the number of agricultural and non-agricultural nitrogen sources that enters the aquifer, should be implemented especially in the western part of Kinmen to assure a sustainable use of groundwater resources.

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Occurrence and Distribution of Ammonium in Iowa Groundwater

Cited by 37 publications

References 27 publications

A Grey Water Footprint Assessment of Groundwater Chemical Pollution: Case Study in Salento (Southern Italy)

A Grey Water Footprint Assessment of Groundwater Chemical Pollution: Case Study in Salento (Southern Italy)

Water-quality assessment of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States

Assessing nitrate contamination and its potential health risk to Kinmen residents

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