Occurrence and Dispersal of Magmas in the Jurassic Ferrar Large Igneous Province, Antarctica

Elliot, David H.; Fleming, Thomas H.

doi:10.1016/s1342-937x(05)70322-1

Cited by 127 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Whether lavas were fed from a single source travelling subaerial or through magma transport at depth and fed through multiple vertical dyke systems remains open (Elliot and Fleming, 2004). The volcanic activity on the Taimyr peninsula is often related to that of the Siberian Traps (e.g., Gurevitch et al, 1995).…”

Section: Correlating Taimyr and Siberian Traps Volcanic Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrogenesis and timing of mafic magmatism, South Taimyr, Arctic Siberia: A northerly continuation of the Siberian Traps?

Reichow

Saunders

Scott

et al. 2016

Lithos

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The Siberian large igneous province (LIP) forms the world's most extensive continental exposure of basalt and has several sub-provinces surrounding it, which may be genetically related. The Taimyr peninsula of north Siberia is one of these sub-provinces and is frequently assumed to be the northerly continuation of the basalts exposed at Noril'sk, the best-studied area of the Siberian LIP. However, the correlation is uncertain. The major and trace element data for both groups are consistent with a process of fractional crystallisation coupled with small degrees of assimilation of incompatibleelement-enriched lower crust involving different contaminants. Trace element model calculations indicate a process of magma formation at large degrees of partial melting and at pressures of less than 3 GPa, probably within the garnet-spinel transition zone or the spinel stability field of the asthenospheric mantle. We obtained an argon plateau age of ~252 (252.7 ± 1.5) Ma and a ~239 Ma total fusion age from a Taimyr lava and intrusive sample, respectively, confirming that volcanism is only partly contemporaneous with the activity of the Siberian LIP. Although this is in agreement with previous interpretations, we argue that the age difference between both events is only ~13 myrs and probably less (~5 myrs) although further investigation of the relationship is required. Our data allow correlation with distinct Noril'sk members and most importantly to the ore-bearing (Ni-Cu) intrusions implying that whole rock chemistry could have value as a prospecting tool in Taimyr.

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Section: Correlating Taimyr and Siberian Traps Volcanic Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrogenesis and timing of mafic magmatism, South Taimyr, Arctic Siberia: A northerly continuation of the Siberian Traps?

Reichow

Saunders

Scott

et al. 2016

Lithos

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“…A typical moderately thick coal bed of 20-30 m (19) may be more realistic and would increase the affected region to an approximately 200-km square. Single intrusions large enough to mobilize this amount of coal are well documented in flood basalt provinces (20).…”

Section: Coal-basalt Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosive eruption of coal and basalt and the end-Permian mass extinction

Ogden

Sleep²

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The end-Permian extinction decimated up to 95% of carbonate shell-bearing marine species and 80% of land animals. Isotopic excursions, dissolution of shallow marine carbonates, and the demise of carbonate shell-bearing organisms suggest global warming and ocean acidification. The temporal association of the extinction with the Siberia flood basalts at approximately 250 Ma is well known, and recent evidence suggests these flood basalts may have mobilized carbon in thick deposits of organic-rich sediments. Large isotopic excursions recorded in this period are potentially explained by rapid venting of coal-derived methane, which has primarily been attributed to metamorphism of coal by basaltic intrusion. However, recently discovered contemporaneous deposits of fly ash in northern Canada suggest large-scale combustion of coal as an additional mechanism for rapid release of carbon. This massive coal combustion may have resulted from explosive interaction with basalt sills of the Siberian Traps. Here we present physical analysis of explosive eruption of coal and basalt, demonstrating that it is a viable mechanism for global extinction. We describe and constrain the physics of this process including necessary magnitudes of basaltic intrusion, mixing and mobilization of coal and basalt, ascent to the surface, explosive combustion, and the atmospheric rise necessary for global distribution.R ecent studies have brought the Great Dying at the end of the Permian Period into focus. Up to 95% of shell-bearing marine species and 80% of land animals perished (1, 2). The temporal association of the extinction with the Siberia flood basalts at approximately 250 Ma is well known (1-7), but a causal mechanism connecting the flood basalts to global extinction is not evident. The flows directly killed only those biota in their path, and basalt is not a massive source of greenhouse gases such as CO 2 (8). Recent studies suggest flood basalts may have mobilized carbon in thick deposits of organic-rich sediments, resulting in global climate change and extinction (4,5,7,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). New work also suggests magmatic release of CO 2 from mantle-derived eclogite as a potential extinction mechanism (14). Svensen et al. (15) were the first to discuss the mechanism by which basaltic interaction with organic sediments may cause mass extinction through explosive release of methane. McElwain et al. (16) expanded on this idea by linking the intrusion of KarooFerrar magmas into coal with the 183 Ma Toarcian oceanic anoxic event. In this model, basaltic intrusions metamorphosed sediments driving off hydrocarbons, including methane, which quickly oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water. This sudden release of organic carbon acidified the ocean and caused a ∂ 13 C excursion in the sedimentary record.Retallack and Jahren (5) applied a similar idea linking basaltic intrusion of coal seams in Siberia to the late Permian extinction. Their study focused on this mechanism as an explanation for the large, short-term carbon isotopic excursions ...

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“…Although the origins of the WARS may be linked to Weddell Sea opening and Ferrar magmatism in the Jurassic (Grunow et al, 1991;Wilson, 1993;Jokat et al, 2003;Elliot and Fleming, 2004), dramatic intracontinental extension occurred in Cretaceous time. Much of the basis of knowledge about the Ross Sea sector of the rift comes from ocean bottom seismograph, multichannel seismic reflection, and gravity surveys that revealed a N-S structure of elongate basins marked by a positive gravity anomaly and high seismic velocities in the lower crust and 1-4 km of inferred Mesozoic sedimentary fill (Cooper and Davey, 1985;Cooper et al, 1997;Trey et al, 1997).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tholeiitic Ferrar magmatism (Elliot et al, 1999;Elliot and Fleming, 2004) and modest extension to transtension initiated in the WARS at this time (Storey, 1991(Storey, , 1992Wilson, 1993). The Cretaceous WARS has been inferred to be an asymmetrical extensional system with the TAM forming the structural upper plate and the WARS, the lower plate (e.g., Fitzgerald et al, 1986;Stern and ten Brink, 1989;Fitzgerald and Baldwin, 1997;compare Lister et al, 1991).…”

Section: Extent Of the West Antarctic Rift System (Wars) And Charactementioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Dispersal of Magmas in the Jurassic Ferrar Large Igneous Province, Antarctica

Cited by 127 publications

References 44 publications

Petrogenesis and timing of mafic magmatism, South Taimyr, Arctic Siberia: A northerly continuation of the Siberian Traps?

Petrogenesis and timing of mafic magmatism, South Taimyr, Arctic Siberia: A northerly continuation of the Siberian Traps?

Explosive eruption of coal and basalt and the end-Permian mass extinction

Tectonics of the West Antarctic rift system: new light on the history and dynamics of distributed intracontinental extension

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