Occurrence and characterization of virus species associated with black pepper (<i>piper nigrum</i> l.) virus diseases in Hainan province, China

Two species of mealybug, Ferrisia virgata and Planococcus minor were previously reported as vectors of Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV), the causal agent of mottle disease in black pepper (Piper nigrum). Several activities were performed to study the PYMoV transmission through F. virgata and Pl. minor, involving transmission experiment in ISMCRI greenhouse (Bogor, West Java), field observation of mealybugs, and mottle disease incidence at ISMCRI field station (Sukabumi, West Java). The result showed that the transmission rate of PYMoV through F. virgata and Pl. minor in black pepper reached 40.00 and 46.67%, respectively. Field temperature >33 °C, light intensity >700.00 lux, wind speed <1.10 m/s, and rainfall <80 mm/month were recorded during the occurrence of a peak population of mealybugs. Mealybugs population in the field was affected by insecticide application. Its population was lower in a block with insecticide spraying than in a block without insecticide spraying. Furthermore, mottle disease incidence was correlated with the population level of mealybugs. Based on PCR detection, the frequency of viruliferous mealybugs did not differ in a block with or without insecticide spraying, i.e., 6/39 and 6/37, respectively. This indicated that other factors than insect vectors might play an important role in disease spread.

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“…Recently, this disease has also been reported in China [4]. In Indonesia, this disease has been observed in black pepper plants since 1976.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In Indonesia, this disease has been observed in black pepper plants since 1976. A more recent report indicated that PYMoV is the main pathogen causing mottle disease in black pepper plantations in Sukabumi District of West Java, Indonesia [5] and Hainan, China [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Ferrisia virgata and Planococcus minor as vectors of mottle disease in black pepper

Miftakhurohmah

Hidayat

Mutaqin

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…The yellow mottle disease (also known as stunt disease) of black pepper ( Piper nigrum ) caused by the badnavirus, Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV) is reported in Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. The disease is characterized by chlorotic flecks, mild to severe mottles, and brittle, leathery, deformed, and reduced leaf size ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Emerging Disease Problems In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lockhart et al [ 45 ] for the first time reported the association of a distinct badnavirus with yellow mottle disease affecting black pepper from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand and named it Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV) based on bacilliform virus particles, transmission by mealybug, its weak serological relationship with other badnaviruses, and its partial nucleotide sequence of the reverse transcriptase (RT)/RNase H region of the virus. Later association of PYMoV with black pepper was reported in Brazil [ 51 ], Sri Lanka [ 46 ], India [ 47 ], Vietnam, and China [ 48 ]. In addition to black pepper, PYMoV also infects other economically important Piper species such as P. betle (betelvine), P. longum (Indian long pepper), and many other wild Piper species [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Emerging Disease Problems In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases Caused by Badnaviruses

2023

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New and emerging plant diseases are caused by different pathogens including viruses that often cause significant crop losses. Badnaviruses are pararetroviruses that contain a single molecule of ds DNA genome of 7 to 9 kb in size and infect a large number of economically important crops such as banana and plantains, black pepper, cacao, citrus, grapevine, pineapple, sugarcane, sweet potato, taro, and yam, causing significant yield losses. Many of the species in the genus have a restricted host range and several of them are known to infect a single crop. Combined infections of different virus species and strains offer conditions that favor the development of new strains via recombination, especially in vegetatively propagated crops. The primary spread of badnaviruses is through vegetative propagating materials while for the secondary spread, they depend on insects such as mealybugs and aphids. Disease emerges as a consequence of the interactions between host and pathogens under favorable environmental conditions. The viral genome of the pararetroviruses is known to be integrated into the chromosome of the host and a few plants with integrants when subjected to different kinds of abiotic stress will give rise to episomal forms of the virus and cause disease. Attempts have been made to develop management strategies for badnaviruses both conventionally and using precision breeding techniques such as genome editing. Until 2016 only 32 badnavirus species infecting different crops were known, but in a span of six years, this number has gone up to 68. The current review highlights the emerging disease problems and management options for badnaviruses infecting economically important crops.

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“…Mottle is a viral major disease in black pepper and has been reported in several producing countries, i.e. India, Thailand, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Brazil, China and the Philippines, with disease incidence ranging from 10 to 45% (Lockhart et al, 1997;Hany et al, 2014;Che et al, 2021). In Indonesia, mottle disease has been observed in many black pepper plantations, among others in Purbalingga, Bangka and Yogyakarta Alif et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of mealybugs on Piper nigrum as vector of Piper yellow mottle virus (Badnavirus: Caulimoviridae)

Miftakhurohmah¹,

Hidayat

Mutaqin

et al. 2022

J Trop Plant Pests Dis

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Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV) is the dominant virus that causes mottle disease in black pepper (Piper nigrum). Two species of mealybugs, Ferrisia virgata and Planococcus minor have been reported as vectors of PYMoV. A different species of mealybug that has never been reported before was found in black pepper. Molecular approaches including total DNA isolation of mealybug collected from the field, mealybugs identification by DNA barcode, detection of PYMoV in single mealybugs, were conducted as an approach to identify the potential of mealybugs as PYMoV vector in the field. Mealybugs were collected from black pepper plants in Cimanggu (Bogor, West Java) and Sukamulya (Sukabumi, West Java). Characters of adult females were observed for morphological identification. Molecular-based identification of the mealybugs and PYMoV involved the following procedures: total DNA isolation, DNA amplification, nucleotide sequencing and sequence analysis. Three species of mealybugs, P. minor, F. virgata and Paracoccus marginatus were confirmed by morphological and molecular identification. This is the first report for the occurrence of P. marginatus in black pepper plants. PYMoV was successfully detected from field samples of F. virgata, P. minor and P. marginatus. This finding indicates the potential of insect vectors for disease spread and distribution.

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Occurrence and characterization of virus species associated with black pepper (piper nigrum l.) virus diseases in Hainan province, China

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Study on Ferrisia virgata and Planococcus minor as vectors of mottle disease in black pepper

Study on Ferrisia virgata and Planococcus minor as vectors of mottle disease in black pepper

Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases Caused by Badnaviruses

Identification of mealybugs on Piper nigrum as vector of Piper yellow mottle virus (Badnavirus: Caulimoviridae)

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