Occurrence and behaviour of radionuclides in the Moselle River—Part III: Dispersion of radionuclides along the river course

Mundschenk, H.

doi:10.1016/0265-931x(95)00025-6

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The downstream exponential decrease in 7 Be activity of suspended sediments after passage of the sediment slug was evaluated following Cushing et al (1993):

\begin{matrix} F true(x true) = F_{normalo} exp true({- k}_{1} x true) \end{matrix}

where F ( x ) is the 7 Be activity, F o is the 7 Be activity at the most upstream site, and 1/ k 1 is the characteristic transport distance. The exponential decrease is from settling out of particles, not radioactive decay (Mundschenk, 1996). In a manner analogous to radioactive decay, a “half‐distance” ( x 1/2 ) may be calculated as

\begin{matrix} x_{1/2} = {0.693 /k}_{1} \end{matrix}

The characteristic transport distance was used here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While transport distances based upon the Cushing et al (1993) or Mundschenk (1996) approach (Eq. [3]) could not be calculated at Rock Creek given the upstream track of the storm, a kinematic estimate was possible because it relies on more local cross‐sectional and hydrographic information.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transport distances over a longer time period have also been determined using radionuclide activities in suspended and bottom sediments, and the reported transport distances exhibit a wide variation. Mundschenk (1996) calculated a mean range of the particles of 260 km for 3 to 6 yr of transport downsteam from a nuclear power plant in the Moselle River. Graf (1996) determined the downstream distribution of plutonium in Los Alamos Canyon, New Mexico (average gradient = 0.020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radionuclides as Indicators of Sediment Transport in Agricultural Watersheds that Drain to Lake Erie

2002

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An issue in evaluating the success of agricultural management practices is the speed that eroded particles make their way through the downstream waters. In this study at Old Woman Creek (OWC) and Rock Creek (RC), two largely agricultural watersheds in Ohio, the flux of sediment and radionuclides (7Be, 210Pb, and 137Cs) in thunderstorm runoff was examined to better understand transport of eroded agricultural soils. The hydrograph in an agricultural area under no-till was similar in timing, but of lesser magnitude, than the hydrograph from a similar-sized area under conventional tillage. The activities of 210Pb and 7Be are linearly correlated and are higher in suspended sediments derived from no-till subbasins than those derived from conventionally tilled subbasins. A suspended sediment plume, identified by its unique radionuclide signature, was traced through 17 km of OWC stream channel in approximately 13.4 h (0.35 m/s). The downstream exponential decrease of 7Be activities in suspended sediments 3 to 12 h after passage of the sediment plume was used to estimate transport distances of suspended sediment from 2 to 17 km, respectively. Transport distances of suspended sediments were also calculated from wave kinematics and indicate that at OWC suspended sediment transport distances were longer in streams draining areas of no-till (19-26 km) than in the streams draining areas of conventional tillage (6-15 km). Suspended sediments travel 7 to 22 km at RC. The transport distances are long relative to the lengths of the stream channel and indicate that erosion control methods implemented in the watershed should be reflected quickly in downstream waters.

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“…The downstream exponential decrease in 7 Be activity of suspended sediments after passage of the sediment slug was evaluated following Cushing et al (1993):

\begin{matrix} F true(x true) = F_{normalo} exp true({- k}_{1} x true) \end{matrix}

\begin{matrix} x_{1/2} = {0.693 /k}_{1} \end{matrix}

The characteristic transport distance was used here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radionuclides as Indicators of Sediment Transport in Agricultural Watersheds that Drain to Lake Erie

2002

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“…Mundschenk (1996) calculated a mean particle transport distance of 260 km during 3-6 years of transport downsteam from a nuclear power plant in the Moselle River. Graf (1996) determined the downstream distribution of plutonium in Los Alamos Canyon, New Mexico.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ⁷Be/²¹⁰Pb_xs ratio as an indicator of suspended sediment age or fraction new sediment in suspension

Matisoff

Wilson

Whiting

2005

Earth Surf Processes Landf

101

128

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Pb xs ratio in suspended sediments to determine the time since the particles were tagged by precipitation-derived radionuclides (i.e. the age of the suspended sediment). In addition, an alternative model is presented to determine the fraction of the sediment that is 'newly tagged'. These two models are applied to three catchments -Old Woman Creek, Ohio; Weeks Bay, Alabama; and South Slough, Oregon -and yield similar findings at all three sites. Sediment ages increase from 0 in newly tagged material, to 50-80 days in rivers, to about 80-100 days in the estuaries, to about 200 days in the sediment traps, to about 300 days on surface bottom sediments. Alternatively, the percentage new sediment decreases from 100 per cent in newly tagged material, to about 35-50 per cent in rivers, to 25-35 per cent in the estuary, to less than 10 per cent in the sediment traps, to 1-4 per cent on the surface of the bottom sediments.

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“…Other soil transport processes such as biogenic transport () and soil creep ( − ) have been described by a diffusion model. There are a number of studies in which particle transport in fluvial systems has been characterized as an exponential function of distance ( − ). In this study, transport of labeled particles occurred by splash in all directions, by entrainment and subsequent downslope settling, and by concentrated overland flow.…”

Section: Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of Rare Earth Element-Tagged Soil Particles in Response to Thunderstorm Runoff

Matisoff

Ketterer

Wilson

et al. 2001

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The downslope transport of rare earth element-tagged soil particles remobilized during a spring thunderstorm was studied on both a natural prairie and an agricultural field in southwestern Iowa (U.S.A.). A technique was developed for tagging natural soils with the rare earth elements Eu, Tb, and Ho to approximately 1,000 ppm via coprecipitation with MnO2. Tagged material was replaced in target locations; surficial soil samples were collected following precipitation and runoff; and rare earth element concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Diffusion and exponential models were applied to the concentration-distance data to determine particle transport distances. The results indicate that the concentration-distance data are well described by the diffusion model, butthe exponential model does not simulate the rapid drop-off in concentrations near the tagged source. Using the diffusion model, calculated particle transport distances at all hillside locations and at both the cultivated and natural prairie sites were short, ranging from 3 to 73 cm during this single runoff event. This study successfully demonstrates a new tool for studying soil erosion.

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Occurrence and behaviour of radionuclides in the Moselle River—Part III: Dispersion of radionuclides along the river course

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Radionuclides as Indicators of Sediment Transport in Agricultural Watersheds that Drain to Lake Erie

Radionuclides as Indicators of Sediment Transport in Agricultural Watersheds that Drain to Lake Erie

The ⁷Be/²¹⁰Pb_xs ratio as an indicator of suspended sediment age or fraction new sediment in suspension

Transport of Rare Earth Element-Tagged Soil Particles in Response to Thunderstorm Runoff

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Occurrence and behaviour of radionuclides in the Moselle River—Part III: Dispersion of radionuclides along the river course

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Radionuclides as Indicators of Sediment Transport in Agricultural Watersheds that Drain to Lake Erie

Radionuclides as Indicators of Sediment Transport in Agricultural Watersheds that Drain to Lake Erie

The 7Be/210Pbxs ratio as an indicator of suspended sediment age or fraction new sediment in suspension

Transport of Rare Earth Element-Tagged Soil Particles in Response to Thunderstorm Runoff

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The ⁷Be/²¹⁰Pb_xs ratio as an indicator of suspended sediment age or fraction new sediment in suspension