Occupational swine exposure and Hepatitis E virus, <i>Leptospira, Ascaris suum</i> seropositivity and MRSA colonization in Austrian veterinarians, 2017–2018—A cross‐sectional study

Taus, Karin; Schmoll, F.; El‐Khatib, Ziad; Auer, Herbert; Holzmann, Heidemarie; Aberle, Stephan W.; Pekard-Amenitsch, Shiva; Monschein, Stefanie; Sattler, Tatjana; Steinparzer, Romana; Allerberger, Franz; Schmid, Daniela

doi:10.1111/zph.12633

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(45 reference statements)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…derived from pigs, as well as a high percentage of hybrids, and thus, ascariasis has been characterized as a zoonosis in these regions [36,[39][40][41]. These reports strongly point to the zoonotic potential of A. suum [6,38,42], and the ability of A. suum to develop infection in experimentally infected humans has already been demonstrated [43].…”

Section: (Which Was Not Certified By Peer Review)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-infection ofAscarisspp. in humans and pigs from a Guarani indigenous village in southern Brazil

Boeira,

Bezagio,

Carvalho

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BackgroundAscaris lumbricoidesandAscaris suumare nematode parasites that infect millions of people and pigs worldwide, respectively. Reports of cross-infection between the two host species has stimulated molecular epidemiological studies of theAscarisgenus. In this study, we evaluated the dynamics ofAscaristransmission between Guarani indigenous schoolchildren, pigs, and the environment of a village in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil.Methodology/Principal findingsParasitological and molecular analyses of fecal samples from humans and pigs, and soil samples from the village were carried out. Eggs ofAscarisspp. were observed in 8.4% (7/83) of human samples, 44.4% (8/18) of pig samples, and 8.9% (6/68) of soil samples. PCR amplification of theITS-1locus of the rDNA gene in samples that were positive in the parasitological examination revealed cross-infection by the two species,A. lumbricoidesandA. suum, in human and swine hosts. The soil, which was contaminated by both human and swine feces, also contained eggs of the twoAscarisspecies, thus constituting a source ofAscarisinfection for both hosts. DNA from both nematode species, individually and mixed, was detected in samples from both hosts and the soil.Conclusions/SignificanceThe results of this study indicate that more effective control measures, aimed at the correct disposal of both human and animal feces, should be implemented.Author SummaryDespite the control measures implemented in Brazilian Indigenous Lands, the prevalence of intestinal parasites continues to vary from moderate to high in its inhabitants. On the other hand, the number of indigenous people residing in Brazil has been increasing in last decades, including the South region of the country, where a much smaller proportion of indigenous people reside compared to the North region.Ascaris lumbricoidesandAscaris suumare the most prevalent helminth parasites in humans and pigs, respectively. The possibility of cross-infection byAscarisspp. between humans and pigs has been analyzed in order to propose more effective control measures. In this research, we use parasitological and molecular methods to verify the presence of these parasites in fecal samples from schoolchildren and pigs, in addition to soil samples, from a Guarani indigenous village in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. Genetic material from both individual and associated nematode species was detected in host and soil samples, indicating cross-transmission in these populations. Control measures aimed at the correct disposal of human and animal feces must be implemented in order to minimize damage to health and prevent new infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (Which Was Not Certified By Peer Review)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-infection ofAscarisspp. in humans and pigs from a Guarani indigenous village in southern Brazil

Boeira,

Bezagio,

Carvalho

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Several reports in industrialised countries support a link between presence of anti-HEV and direct contact with pigs. Studies in United States [ 61 ], Switzerland [ 62 ], Germany [ 63 ], Australia [ 64 ] found significant differences in prevalence of individuals in close contact with pigs compared to those not exposed. On the contrary other studies conducted in Sweden [ 44 ] and Brazil [ 65 ] found no significant differences between those exposed or unexposed to pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-molecular epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in pigs and human contacts in Ghana

et al. 2021

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Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is among the leading causes of viral hepatitis in most developing countries. Zoonotic acquisition of HEV genotype 3 from swine has come into focus more recently. Available studies on HEV in Ghana and other countries in the region do not provide enough information towards understanding the epidemiology of HEV in human and animal populations. Towards this end, we conducted a comparative cross-sectional study to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with HEV exposure, both in swine and humans working on pig farms in typical local settings. The presence of viral RNA in human and swine samples was also evaluated, along with classification of viral sequences from HEV-positive samples. Methods Structured questionnaires soliciting information on pigs reared, as well as socio-demographic information including age, sex and educational background of humans was collected. A total of 10 ml and 5 ml of whole blood was collected from pigs and human participants respectively. ELISA and real-time RT-PCR were performed on the sera for the qualitative detection of IgG antibodies to hepatitis E virus and viral RNA, respectively. Results Five hundred and forty-four (544) human participants including 264 swine contacts and 280 swine non-contacts were enrolled in the study. Although the proportion of HEV IgG antibodies was higher in contact groups (114; 54.3%) than non-contact groups (96; 45.7%), a multivariate analysis did not show any significant difference. No HEV RNA was detected in human samples. Similarly, 720 pigs were sampled from 18 farms located in five regions in Ghana. Twenty-three (23) of the pigs (3.2, 95%CI = 2.0–4.8) were positive for HEV RNA by real-time RT-PCR testing. Sequences obtained from HEV-positive samples were found to share high sequence identities with each other and clustered with other genotype 3 viruses indicating the existence of circulating zoonotic genotype 3 viruses on farms. Although we did not find evidence of pig to human transmission of HEV genotype 3, the presence of this genotype in pigs shows the potential for possible zoonotic transmission in African farm settings and buttresses the importance of active surveillance for the infection among at risk populations.

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“…However, the latter may partly stem from the reuse of the same sample sets, especially in older records, for investigating various research questions [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] (S3 Info). Remarkably, despite the use of sample sets from Europe as non-endemic negative controls, there were also seven studies that assessed seroprevalence in European regions (e.g., The Netherlands and Austria) [69][70][71][72][73][74][75].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Described Sample Setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth (Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm) infections: A scoping review

Roose,

Vande Velde,

Vlaminck

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background The World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of integrated monitoring and evaluation in neglected tropical disease (NTD) control programs. Serological assays offer a potential solution for integrated diagnosis of NTDs, particularly for those requiring mass drug administration (MDA) as primary control and elimination strategy. This scoping review aims (i) to provide an overview of assays using serum or plasma to detect infections with soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) in both humans and animals, (ii) to examine the methodologies used in this research field and (iii) to discuss advancements in serological diagnosis of STHs to guide prevention and control programs in veterinary and human medicine. Methodology We conducted a systematic search in the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases, supplemented by a Google search using predefined keywords to identify commercially available serological assays. Additionally, we performed a patent search through Espacenet. Principal findings We identified 85 relevant literature records spanning over 50 years, with a notable increased interest in serological assay development in recent years. Most of the research efforts concentrated on diagnosing Ascaris infections in both humans and pigs, primarily using ELISA and western blot technologies. Almost all records targeted antibodies as analytes, employing proteins and peptides as analyte detection agents. Approximately 60% of sample sets described pertained to human samples. No commercially available tests for Trichuris or hookworms were identified, while for Ascaris, there are at least seven different ELISAs on the market. Conclusions While a substantial number of assays are employed in epidemiological research, the current state of serological diagnosis for guiding STH prevention and control programs is limited. Only two assays designed for pigs are used to inform efficient deworming practices in pig populations. Regarding human diagnosis, none of the existing assays has undergone extensive large-scale validation or integration into routine diagnostics for MDA programs.

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Occupational swine exposure and Hepatitis E virus, Leptospira, Ascaris suum seropositivity and MRSA colonization in Austrian veterinarians, 2017–2018—A cross‐sectional study

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Cross-infection ofAscarisspp. in humans and pigs from a Guarani indigenous village in southern Brazil

Cross-infection ofAscarisspp. in humans and pigs from a Guarani indigenous village in southern Brazil

Sero-molecular epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in pigs and human contacts in Ghana

Serological diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth (Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm) infections: A scoping review

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