Occupational stress and risk for Parkinson's disease: A nationwide cohort study

Abstract

Background: Stress has been suggested as a contributing factor in the etiology of Parkinson's Disease (PD), but epidemiological evidence is sparse. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the association between occupational stress according to the job demands‐control model and the risk for PD. Methods: We conducted a population‐based cohort study with 2,544,748 Swedes born 1920 to 1950 who had an occupation reported in the population and housing censuses in 1980 or, if missing, in 1970. Job demands and control were measured using a job‐exposure matrix. Incident PD cases were identified using Swedish national health registers from 1987 to 2010. Data were analyzed with Cox regression with age as the underlying time scale, adjusting for sex, education, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a proxy for smoking. Results: During a mean follow‐up time of 21.3 years, 21,544 incident PD cases were identified. High demands were associated with increased PD risk among men, most evident in men with high education. High control was associated with increased PD risk among the low educated. This association was more pronounced in women. High‐strain jobs (high demands and low control) was only associated with increased PDrisk among men with high education, whereas active jobs (high demands and high control) were associated with increased PD risk among men with low education. Interpretation: High job demands appear to increase PD risk in men, especially in men with high education, whereas high job control increases PD risk among low educated, more strongly in women. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Sex and onset-age-related features of excessive daytime sleepiness and night-time sleep in patients with Parkinson’s disease

“…Women have lower levels of education than men, which may explain the difference. A recent study on the relationship between occupational stress and PD risk shows that high job requirements seem to increase the risk of PD in men, especially among highly educated men [ 33 ], which may partly explain men’s susceptibility to PD.…”

Parkinson’s Disease in Women and Men: What’s the Difference?

“…This model consists of two dimensions: the "demand component" measuring time pressure and psychological/cognitive demands and the "control component" including decision making authority and skill discretion abilities. A recent study on the association between occupational stress according to this model and the risk for PD showed that high job demands appear to increase PD risk in men, especially in men with high education, whereas high job control increases PD risk more strongly in low educated women [57].…”

A Cortical Pathogenic Theory of Parkinson’s Disease

“…factor (Graziano et al, 2013;Hirsch et al, 2018). Still, the concept of physiological corticostriatal stress remains hypothetical, and the possibility that daily life activities-e.g., jobs with high complexity and demands (Valdé s et al, 2014;Sieurin et al, 2018)-may influence the incidence of PD by increasing habitual behaviors and overloading corticostriatal circuits will require further investigation. Cortical Pathogenic-Pathophysiological Interaction Whether at cortical level pathogenic alterations precede or follow pathophysiological alterations in PD might be a classical chicken-or-egg problem.…”