Occupational sensitization to ribosome‐inactivating proteins in researchers

Szalai, Krisztina; Schöll, Isabella; Förster-Waldl, Elisabeth; Polito, Letizia; Bolognesi, Andrea; Untersmayr, Eva; Riemer, Angelika B.; Boltz‐Nitulescu, George; Stirpe, Fiorenzo; Jensen‐Jarolim, Erika

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02338.x

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

Section: Modulation Through Prr-signaling Independent Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…For instance, the allergen Aspf-1, which is an RNase [46], as well as eosinophil-derived neutrotoxin, an RNase from eosinophils, have been found to drive Th2 responses via DC [47]. Interference with translation would be in line with reports that several plant-derived enzymes that inactivate ribosomes, so-called ribotoxins, have been identified as allergens, thereby linking Th2 responses with the inhibition of protein synthesis [48,49].Furthermore, a number of studies have documented the potent suppressory effects of cystatins, a class of molecules expressed by filarial nematodes, on host immune responses [50][51][52]. This is thought to reflect their capacity to interfere with antigen presentation by DC [53,54], through blocking the host cysteine protease activity required for the removal of the invariant chain that is necessary for peptide loading onto MHC class II.…”

mentioning

confidence: 50%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Helminths and dendritic cells: Sensing and regulating via pattern recognition receptors, Th2 and Treg responses

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The classical reaction of the host to helminth infections is the induction of Th2 immune responses with a regulatory component. DC, as central players in the induction and maintenance of immune responses, play a prominent role in both these processes, and in recent years considerable progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms behind the interplay between DC and helminths. It is becoming increasingly clear that helminths modulate DC function not only via direct interactions but also indirectly via host-derived cues. Furthermore, while studies have until recently focused on receptor signalingmediated DC modulation by helminths, evidence is emerging that DC may also respond to helminth infections by sensing stress signals or tissue damage inflicted by the worms or their products. Here, we will discuss these new insights and will link them to the origin and importance of Th2 and regulatory immune responses with respect to the survival of both parasite and host.Key words: DC . Helminth . Th cell polarization . Tissue damage IntroductionThe classical reaction of the host to helminth infections is the induction of Th2 responses. The induction of Th2 immunity has been shown to be important for resistance to helminth infections in various model systems; however, despite induction of a Th2 response, total clearance of the parasites rarely occurs in man (reviewed in [1,2]). This implies that helminths have evolved strategies, such as evasion or suppression of the host immune response that prevent their expulsion and permit their long-term survival. The immune modulatory effects are thought to arise from the helminth's capacity to exploit the host's own system of immune regulation, which is normally crucial for the maintenance of immune homeostasis and self tolerance. In this respect, the induction of Treg has been shown to be one of the most common mechanisms that restrains immune responses against the parasite while also preventing excessive inflammation and tissue damage inflicted by the worms (reviewed in [2,3]). Therefore, it is not surprising that among the variety of mechanisms developed by helminths to influence host immune responses, modulation of DC as pivotal players in the initiation and polarization of adaptive immune responses, including Treg modulation, may have a particularly important role (reviewed in [2,4,5] ) carbohydrate epitope found in schistosoma soluble egg antigens (SEA), has been implicated in TLR4-dependent priming of Th2 responses via DC [9]. However, SEA is also known to be capable of modulating DC for Th2 priming in the absence of TLR signaling [10]. Furthermore, phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids derived from schistosomes and ascaris worms, which carry TLR2-activating molecules, have been shown to promote Th2 responses via DC, but this is not TLR2 dependent [11], whereas monoacetylated PS lipids from schistosomes were found to specifically instruct DC to preferentially induce IL-10-producing Treg in a TLR2-dependent fashion [12]. Although TLR2 does not seem to be essential for Th2 polar...

show abstract

Section: Modulation Through Prr-signaling Independent Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 50%

mentioning

confidence: 50%

Helminths and dendritic cells: Sensing and regulating via pattern recognition receptors, Th2 and Treg responses

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is well known that strawberry fruits can be highly allergenic. As RIPs are very immunogenic and can cause allergic reactions in exposed individuals [32], it can be hypothesized a RIP contribute to the allergenic reaction to strawberry fruits. Studies confirming these observations could have an important impact on the safety of strawberry consumption, leading to the selection of cultivars with a low content of RIPs in edible tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Synthesis Inhibition Activity by Strawberry Tissue Protein Extracts during Plant Life Cycle and under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Polito

Bortolotti

Mercatelli

et al. 2013

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), enzymes that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, inhibit protein synthesis by depurinating rRNA and many other polynucleotidic substrates. Although RIPs show antiviral, antifungal, and insecticidal activities, their biological and physiological roles are not completely understood. Additionally, it has been described that RIP expression is augmented under stressful conditions. In this study, we evaluated protein synthesis inhibition activity in partially purified basic proteins (hereafter referred to as RIP activity) from tissue extracts of Fragaria × ananassa (strawberry) cultivars with low (Dora) and high (Record) tolerance to root pathogens and fructification stress. Association between the presence of RIP activity and the crop management (organic or integrated soil), growth stage (quiescence, flowering, and fructification), and exogenous stress (drought) were investigated. RIP activity was found in every tissue tested (roots, rhizomes, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits) and under each tested condition. However, significant differences in RIP distribution were observed depending on the soil and growth stage, and an increase in RIP activity was found in the leaves of drought-stressed plants. These results suggest that RIP expression and activity could represent a response mechanism against biotic and abiotic stresses and could be a useful tool in selecting stress-resistant strawberry genotypes.

show abstract

“…Indeed, allergic symptoms were observed in women receiving trichosanthin, a type 1 RIP from Trichosanthes kirilowii used to induce abortion [140], as well as in patients treated with RIP-containing immunotoxins [reviewed in ref. 141], and among personnel working with RIPs in a research laboratory [142]. Allergy to elderberry has also been attributed to a protein with the characteristics of a type 1 RIP [143].…”

Section: Allergiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ribosome-inactivating proteins: progress and problems

Stirpe

Battelli

2006

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

Self Cite

318

225

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), mostly from plants, are enzymes which depurinate rRNA, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. They also depurinate other polynucleotide substrates. The biological activity of RIPs is not completely clarified, and sometimes independent of the inhibition of protein synthesis. There are differences in the cytotoxicity of RIPs and, consequently, in their toxicity to animals. Some RIPs are potent toxins, the best known being ricin, a potential biological weapon. New toxins have recently been identified. RIPs cause apoptotic and necrotic lesions, and induce production of cytokines causing inflammation. RIPs are potentially useful in agriculture and medicine because (i) they have antiviral activity and (ii) they are used for the preparation of conjugates with antibodies ('immunotoxins') or other carriers, rendering them specifically toxic to the cell target of the carrier, which may be helpful in therapy. The distribution, mechanism of action and role in nature of RIPs are not completely understood, and we can expect several future developments in their practical application.

show abstract

Occupational sensitization to ribosome‐inactivating proteins in researchers

Abstract: We conclude that sensitization and IgE induction to RIPs may occur upon exposure. This has to be considered when applying them in therapy against malignancies or viral infections.

Cited by 19 publications

References 63 publications

Helminths and dendritic cells: Sensing and regulating via pattern recognition receptors, Th2 and Treg responses

Helminths and dendritic cells: Sensing and regulating via pattern recognition receptors, Th2 and Treg responses

Protein Synthesis Inhibition Activity by Strawberry Tissue Protein Extracts during Plant Life Cycle and under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Ribosome-inactivating proteins: progress and problems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About