Occupational sensitization to epichlorohydrin (ECH) and bisphenol‐A during the manufacture of epoxy resin

Joost, Th. van; Roesyanto, Irma Damayanti; Satyawan, I.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb01543.x

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…There are accounts of at least 44 patients with verified BPA sensitization using standard patch testing (Estlander et al, 1999;Freeman & Warin, 1984;Fregert & Rorsman, 1962;Gaul, 1960;Jolanki et al, 1995;Krajewska & Rudzki, 1976;Romaguera et al, 1981;Srinivas et al, 1989;van Joost, 1988;van Joost et al, 1990), but there are at least as many reports of patients with contact dermatitis who did not respond to controlled topical BPA (Angelini et al, 1996;Holness & Nethercott, 1989;Jolanki et al, 1990;Kanerva et al, 1991;Moura et al, 1994;Patussi et al, 1995;Prens et al, 1986;van Joost, 1988). The EU (2003) concluded that the majority of those with positive BPA patch testing had previous exposure to BPA epoxy resins and/or cross-sensitization to other bisphenols like those present in phenolformaldehyde resins (Bruze & Zimerson, 1985;Jolanki et al, 1990).…”

Section: Studies Of Effects On the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 95%

Derivation of a Bisphenol a Oral Reference Dose (RfD) and Drinking-Water Equivalent Concentration∗

Willhite

Ball

McLellan

2008

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

183

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Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is due to that found in the diet, and BPA and its metabolites were detected at parts per billion (or less) concentrations in human urine, milk, saliva, serum, plasma, ovarian follicular fluid, and amniotic fluid. Adverse health effects in mice and rats may be induced after parenteral injection or after massive oral doses. Controlled ingestion trials in healthy adult volunteers with 5 mg d16-BPA were unable to detect parent BPA in plasma despite exquisitely sensitive (limit of detection = 6 nM) methods, but by 96 h 100% of the administered dose was recovered in urine as the glucuronide. The extensive BPA glucuronidation following ingestion is not seen after parenteral injection; only the parent BPA binds plasma proteins and estrogen receptors (ER). The hypothesis that BPA dose-response may be described by a J- or U-shape curve was not supported by toxicogenomic data collected in fetal rat testes and epididymes (after repeated parenteral exposure at 2-400,000 microg/kg-d), where a clear monotonic dose-response both in the numbers of genes and magnitude of individual gene expression was evident. There is no clear indication from available data that the BPA doses normally consumed by humans pose an increased risk for immunologic or neurologic disease. There is no evidence that BPA poses a genotoxic or carcinogenic risk and clinical evaluations of 205 men and women with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-verified serum or urinary BPA conjugates showed (1) no objective signs, (2) no changes in reproductive hormones or clinical chemistry parameters, and (3) no alterations in the number of children or sons:daughters ratio. Results of benchmark dose (BMD10 and BMDL10) calculations and no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) inspections of all available and reproducible rodent studies with oral BPA found BMD and NOAEL values all greater than the 5 mg/kg-d NOAELs from mouse and rat multigeneration reproduction toxicity studies. While allometric and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were constructed for interspecies scaling of BPA and its interaction with ER, multigeneration feeding studies with BPA at doses spanning 5 orders of magnitude failed to identify signs of developmental toxicity or adverse changes in reproductive tract tissues; the 5-mg/kg-d NOAELs identified for systemic toxicity in rats and mice were less than the oral NOAELs for reproductive toxicity. Thus, it is the generalized systemic toxicity of ingested BPA rather than reproductive, immunologic, neurobehavioral, or genotoxic hazard that represents the point of departure. Using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uncertainty factor guidance and application of a threefold database uncertainty factor (to account for the fact that the carcinogenic potential of transplacental BPA exposure has yet to be fully defined and comprehensive neurobehavioral and immunotoxicologic evaluations of BPA by relevant routes and at relevant doses have yet to be completed) to the administered dose NOAEL resu...

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Section: Studies Of Effects On the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 95%

Derivation of a Bisphenol a Oral Reference Dose (RfD) and Drinking-Water Equivalent Concentration∗

Willhite

Ball

McLellan

2008

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

183

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“…Additional data on high incidence of bisphenol A allergy among those sensitised to epoxy resin are lacking. The group of van Joost (Prens et al 1986;van Joost 1988;van Joost et al 1990) found very few cases of bisphenol A allergy in workers at epoxy-resin plants, although several patients had been sensitised to epichlorohydrin. Cases of allergy to bisphenol A have been reported from fibreglass made of epoxy resin (Gaul 1960), bis-GMAbased dental composite resins containing 0.014-0.Q15% bisphenol A (Jolanki et al 1995), semi-synthetic waxes (Freeman and Warin 1984) and plastie footwear (Srinivas et al 1989).…”

Section: Bisphenol a And Epichlorohydrinmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The proportion of bisphenol A is even smaller because, in the manufacturing process, epichlorohydrin is always present in excess to ensure that the moleeules terminate in epoxy groups. In epoxy-resin plants, despite closed manufacturing systems, workers may have a rather high risk of becoming sensitised to epichlorohydrin, but they do not generally become sensitised to bisphenol A (van Joost et al 1990). Allergy to epichlorohydrin has also been reported from a solvent cement (Beck and King 1983) and from drug synthesis of propranolol hydrochloride and oxprenolol hydro chloride (Rebandei and Rudzki 1990).…”

Section: Bisphenol a And Epichlorohydrinmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Reports of bisphenol A sensitisation have been rather controversial (van Joost et al 1990). Krajewska and Rudzki (1976) described positive patch tests to bisphenol A in 13 of 17 Polish workers sensitised to epoxy resin by patch testing bisphenol A at a concentration of 2% in aqua, but they did not mention how the positive reactions were scored.…”

Section: Bisphenol a And Epichlorohydrinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epoxy Resins

Jolanki¹,

Kanerva²,

Estlander³

2000

Handbook of Occupational Dermatology

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“…More attention has been paid to epoxy compounds because of their alkylating properties (31)(32)(33)(34) Recently, valuable information about genetic differences in suceptibility to BPA (39), effects on new BPA-target organs beyond the obvious ones of breast and uterus, and effects on the prostate of the developing fetus (40) indicate that BPA appears to be more estrogenic in vivo than predicted in in vitro assays (41,42).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Estrogenicity of Bisphenol A-Related Diphenylalkanes with Various Substituents at the Central Carbon and the Hydroxy Groups

Pérez¹,

Pulgar²,

Olea‐Serrano³

et al. 1998

Environmental Health Perspectives

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The chemical structure of hydroxylated diphenylalkanes or bisphenols consists of two phenolic rings joined together through a bridging carbon. This class of endocrine disruptors that mimic estrogens is widely used in industay, particularly in plastics. Bisphenol F, bisphenol A, fluorinecontaining bisphenol A (bisphenol AF), and other diphenylalkanes were found to be estrogenic in a bioassay with MCF7 human breast cancer cells in culture (ESCREEN assay). Bisphenols promoted cell proliferation and increased the synthesis and secretion of cell type-specific proteins. 'When ranked by proliferaitive potency, the longer the alkl substituent at the bridging carbon, the lower the concentration neded for maximal cell yield; the most active compound contained two propyl chains at the bridging carbon. Bisphenols with two hydrox groups in the para position and an angular configurtion are suitable for appropriate hydrogen bonding to the acceptor site of the estrogen receptor. Our data suggest that estrogenicity is influenced not only by the length of the substituents at the bridging carbon but also by their nature. Because

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Occupational sensitization to epichlorohydrin (ECH) and bisphenol‐A during the manufacture of epoxy resin

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

Derivation of a Bisphenol a Oral Reference Dose (RfD) and Drinking-Water Equivalent Concentration∗

Derivation of a Bisphenol a Oral Reference Dose (RfD) and Drinking-Water Equivalent Concentration∗

Epoxy Resins

The Estrogenicity of Bisphenol A-Related Diphenylalkanes with Various Substituents at the Central Carbon and the Hydroxy Groups

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