Occupational photosensitivity to diaminodiphenylmethane

LeVine, Mark J.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04469.x

Cited by 17 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…This very arrangement of the indigenous population for the camera speaks to the colonial framework of the encounter, an encounter through which travellers, as Levine argues, 'sought overwhelmingly to delineate difference.' 19 The paths along which the party travelled were further informed by colonial infrastructure, as one intertitle indicated upcoming scenes of 'Narok. District Commissioner's Native Guard,' which was followed by footage of the guard drilling for the visitors and the camera.…”

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Empire, Repetition, and Reluctant Subjects: British Home Movies of Kenya, 1928–72

Grandy

2017

The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History

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In 1928, Lieutenant Commander Glen Kidston, a renowned racecar driver, pilot, and playboy, visited Kenya with a group of male and female companions from Britain. Amongst Kidston's companions was a friend and cameraman who took a series of 'home movies' or amateur film of the group's safari. Shot in black and white, without sound but including intertitles throughout, these films document the group's activities, including luxurious travel by boat, expansive lunches, and the wildlife they encountered. The footage is punctuated with images of vast landscapes, Maasai housing, and a long scene of a laborious crossing of a river by car. In 1972, 44 years after Glen Kidston visited Kenya with cine-camera in tow, and 9 years after Kenya gained independence from Britain, David Lean, the successful British director, also visited Kenya and made a series of home movies while there. Accompanied by his then mistress and future wife, Sandra Hotz, Lean visited a number of luxury lodges, taking extensive footage on his cine-camera. Lean and Hotz went on safari as well, dined in the wilderness, and produced metres and metres of film of the surrounding landscape, including Maasai homes, river crossings, and wildlife. Indeed, the differences between the amateur 1928 footage by Kidston's party and the footage of a critically acclaimed director are scarce. Other amateur films produced by Britons visiting Kenya in this same period follow similar visual patterns. Ultimately, what stands out in these films shot over four decades by multiple men, including the five amateur film-makers examined here, is the sheer repetition of imagery on screen. These films are both remarkably similar and 2 remarkably undisturbed by the formal end of empire. The holiday films produced by a range of Britons visiting Kenya seem to follow a clear visual pattern that remained static in the 20 th century. Locating the repetitive aspects of culture produced by Britons while abroad in the empire is not a particularly new discovery for those engaged with empire studies, even if that repetition has seldom been the subject of sustained examination. One need only have a passing familiarity with John MacKenzie's 'Studies in Imperialism' series and other key works on the culture of empire to note the persistent similarities in material such as film, fiction, posters, soap advertisements and the like. 1 This imperial culture collectively fosters narratives that, at times, verge on an exhausting pastiche. 2 It is certainly the case that 'culture,' widely conceived, produced by metropolitan-based imperialists, travellers as tourists, and settlers, made for a series of cultural conventions of empire that are striking in their similarities. These conventions, and what we could even identify as a formula, underpin various terms used by scholars, such as the 'imperial gaze,' the 'imperial eye,' the 'colonial order', or, in an acknowledgement of the fixed nature of this trope, concepts of 'colonial nostalgia,' as Anna Bocking-Welch has argued. 3 The repetitive, stylized, and pe...

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Empire, Repetition, and Reluctant Subjects: British Home Movies of Kenya, 1928–72

Grandy

2017

The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History

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Aromatic Nitro and Amino Compounds

Johnson¹

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Aromatic nitro and amino compounds have various commercial, governmental, and public applications. Their uses include manufacturing of dyes, pesticides, drugs, and explosives. These substances are typically considered high‐nitrogen compounds and as such share many of the same chemical and biological properties. Many have amines and/or nitrate groups on the ring and because of this exhibit properties where they are not highly water or lipid soluble and many tend to form crystals. When released to the environment, nitrate‐containing moieties are often reduced to amines by bacteria in wet soils and sediments. Acute effects typically target the nervous system; however, sublethal effects from repetitive exposures include anemia, methemoglobinemia, and often male reproductive effects. Cyanosis has been described from relatively high repetitive exposures. Oral exposures can affect the liver. Many are absorbed through the skin where dermal exposures can significantly contribute to systemic dose. Skin sensitization and irritation have been observed from exposure to some compounds. Many are eliminated via the urine; however, conjugated metabolites can be eliminated via the feces. Nitroso metabolites are suspected as having influence in observation of cancer, particularly in the bladder. Other similar nitramine compounds are also briefly described.

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Aromatic Nitro and Amino Compounds

Weisburger¹,

Hudson²

2001

Patty's Toxicology

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Logically, aromatic nitro and amino compounds should be discussed together because their toxic responses are often similar due to a common metabolic intermediate. Synthetically, amines are generally derived from nitro compounds, but in some cases nitro compounds can be prepared through amines when other methods fail to afford specific compounds. There are good and bad attributes to these types of compounds. Some act as sensitizers and contingent on physical properties, may be absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes. They may also cause methemoglobinemia, depending on such factors as the structure and the particular organism. Some members of this class are known as animal and human carcinogens; for humans the urinary bladder is the most prominent target organ. Nevertheless, these compounds and their derivatives have enlivened our world through their use as dyestuff intermediates or as photographic chemicals, they alleviate pain as components of widely used analgesics, and they cushion or insulate us through their use in flexible and rigid foams. Other important uses include production of pesticides, including herbicides and fungicides, as ingredients in adhesives, paints and coatings, antioxidants, explosives, optical brighteners, rubber ingredients, and as intermediates in many other products.

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Occupational photosensitivity to diaminodiphenylmethane

Abstract: A case is reported of occupational exposure to diaminodiphenylmethane leading to acute photosensitivity. Avoidance of sun exposure with cloth has allowed continued employment while preventing further recurrences.

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Empire, Repetition, and Reluctant Subjects: British Home Movies of Kenya, 1928–72

Empire, Repetition, and Reluctant Subjects: British Home Movies of Kenya, 1928–72

Aromatic Nitro and Amino Compounds

Aromatic Nitro and Amino Compounds

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