“…Over the course of the past decade or so, scholars have studied the licensing of doctors (Broscheid & Teske [2003], Kugler & Sauer [2005]), radiology technicians ( Timmons & Thornton [2008]), dentists (Kleiner & Kudrle [2000]), dental hygienists (Wanchek [2010]), teachers (Larsen[2012]), electricians (Kleiner & Park [2011]), mortgage brokers (Kleiner & Todd [2007], Shi [2012]), florists (Carpenter [2012]), manicurists (Federman, Harrington & Krynski [(2006]), cremators (Harrington & Krynski [2002]), barbers (Timmons & Thorton (2010)), and lawyers in America (Pagliero [2010(Pagliero [ , 2011) and Italy (Pellizzari & Pica [2011]). Think tanks have found licensing a perennial source of outrage and amusement: e.g., the American Enterprise Institute on tour guides and hair braiders (2011,2012), the Brookings Institution on lawyers (2012), and the Heritage Foundation on plumbers (2008).…”