Occupational Gender Segregation in Turkey: The Vertical and Horizontal Dimensions

Gedikli, Cigdem

doi:10.1007/s10834-019-09656-w

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Based on the case, the main occupations of workers are more segregated in jobs with a high average wage or jobs with high social stratification such as professionals, other workers, and service business workers. This is in line with the study ofGedikli (2020) who proves that the level of segregation is high in occupations with high social stratification. The same condition was revealed by Salardi (2016) who found that overall gender was separated based on the composition of jobs with high social stratification.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Apart from vertical segregation, differences also occur in horizontal segregation as revealed by Gedikli (2020) with the results of the study that the integration of women is very low in the labor market. This is also evidenced by Emerek et al (2003) who found that there was a positive difference between the level of women's employment and the segregation of occupations (for example, a relatively lower rate of gender segregation by occupations is characterized by lower employment rates for women).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…This empirical condition is consistent with Razavi et al (2012) who found that there was strong job segregation, where women were separated into seasonal/temporary jobs with low wages and unsatisfactory working conditions, while men occupied several permanent jobs in these sectors. In contrast to the case with several countries in the vertical segregation analysis, it is found out that women started to have a greater tendency to hold more prestigious jobs and high-status jobs than men (Gedikli, 2020;Blackburn et al, 2001;Jarman et al, 2012). Some research differences related to vertical segregation are revealed by Blackburn et al (2002) which reveal that this difference occurs due to countries that place the status of women on a par with men and even higher, which is proven to increase gender segregation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Occupational Segregation Based on Gender and Wage Inequality by Education, Age and Mobility (South Sumatra, Indonesia)

Kurniawan

Azwardi

Yunisvita

2021

Mod. innov. razvit.

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Purpose: this study measures gender segregation by occupations and wage inequality based on overall segregation, vertical segregation, and horizontal segregation in terms of labour supply, namely differences in wages, hours of work, age, level of education, and mobility (rural and urban) in South Sumatra Province in 2019.Methods: the data used in this study are secondary data sourced from the 2019 South Sumatra Province Labour Force Survey (SAK19.AK) which is limited to individuals aged 15 to 64 who are currently working, namely as many as 10,429 individuals, of whom 6,873 men and 3,556 women. Classification of the main occupations using quantitative analysis techniques, namely measuring segregation is based on the overall, vertical and horizontal dimensions based on the Gini coefficient, Somer D Statistic, and Pythagorean Theorem.Results: (1) Women are more segregated based on the main occupations, especially jobs with high social stratification and wage groups. (2) Women have more advantages in workplaces with low social stratification and higher education categories. (3) There is no wage inequality based on the main occupations, education, age, and mobility.Conclusions and Relevance: the results of the study prove that there is high segregation based on wage groups and educational composition. Women emphasize increasing education because based on vertical segregation, women with higher education level advantage more and they occupy jobs that are equal to men based on wage stratification.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Occupational Segregation Based on Gender and Wage Inequality by Education, Age and Mobility (South Sumatra, Indonesia)

Kurniawan

Azwardi

Yunisvita

2021

Mod. innov. razvit.

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“…It has been found that having a positive attitude toward science has a positive impact on students' science achievement score (Geesa, Izci, Chen, and Song, 2020) and if girls cannot identify themselves with this prototypical image, they would be less likely to aspire to become one (Gauthier, Hill, McQuillan, Spiegel & Diamond, 2017). The research also showed that women working in atypical female employment sectors are either overqualified or they are less rewarded than men (Gedikli, 2020).…”

Section: Underrepresentation Of Women In Technology Developmentmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gender Matters: The Role of Gender in Human and Machine Communication

KÜLCÜR¹

2022

The Journal of International Scientific Researches

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ÖzMakineler de dahil olmak üzere teknoloji hayatımızı şekillendiren güçlerden biridir. Örnek olarak, tüm müşteri etkileşimlerinin 2025 yılına kadar Yapay Zeka (AI) tarafından yönlendirilmesi beklenmektedir. Kadın ve teknoloji arasındaki ilişki karmaşıktır ve makine ve cinsiyet söylemi çerçevesinde birden fazla yönü vardır. Öncelikle, toplumsal cinsiyet ilişkileri teknolojiyi bilgilendirir ve şekillendirir, çünkü toplumda egemen olan cinsiyete dayalı varsayımlar ve normlar teknolojinin tasarımını, gelişimini ve üretimini etkiler. İkinci olarak, kadınların Fen, Teknoloji, Mühendislik ve Matematik (STEM) alanlarında yeterince temsil edilmemeleri ve teknolojinin erkekler tarafından şekillendirilmesi ve kontrol edilmesi doğrudan sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Bu makalede, toplumsal cinsiyetin teknolojik üretimin ayrılmaz bir parçasını oluşturduğu ve dikkat gerektirdiği savunulmaktadır. Bu nedenle, makineleri de içerecek şekilde, toplumsal cinsiyet ve teknoloji arasındaki bağlantı bu konudaki tartışmalara entegre edilmelidir. Bu makalede amacım, bu etkileşimleri tartışmak ve makine ve toplumsal cinsiyet söyleminin yıllar içinde nasıl geliştiği hakkında genel bir bakış açısı sağlamaktır. Böylece, makine ve toplumsal cinsiyet bağlantısının Türkiye'de daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmayı hedeflemekteyim.

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“…Usually, the coefficient of variation is used to represent the degree of segregation. For example, ethnic minorities in America only get low-wage jobs when they are allowed to work, and better jobs are left to the members of the white privileged class [ 10 – 12 ]. If all occupations are isolated, the index is 100%.…”

Section: Research Model On the Impact Of Utcp On Female Employmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of UTCP on the employment of female workers and the supply of labor force

Wang

2021

PLoS ONE

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In recent years, China has introduced the Universal Two-Child Policy (UTCP), which means that a couple can have two children. The implementation of this policy may affect female employment. Based on this background, this work aims to the impact of UTCP on the number and employment of Chinese women workers, and find out the countermeasures for the adverse impact of the policy. Firstly, the role of the Propensity Score Matching-Differences in Differences model is introduced, and the average and dynamic effects of UTCP on women’s employment are discussed by using the Propensity Score Matching model. Secondly, the survey data on issues related to female employment after the implementation of UTCP from 2016 to 2020 is analyzed. Finally, a conclusion is drawn according to the survey data. The results demonstrate that the implementation of UTCP widens the income gap between men and women. Meanwhile, the younger the couple, the greater the income gap. Besides, the unemployment rate changes slightly after the introduction of the policy. As the growth rate of female income is significantly lower than that of men of the same age, UTCP has little impact on the employment of Chinese female workers, but has a great impact on the quality of employment. Among all the respondents, the proportion of employed men is higher than employed women, which is about 64% ~ 65%. However, it is still unknown whether age, education, family characteristics, nationality, occupations, and economic development of the province have a certain impact on female income, which is worth noting by follow-up research. On the whole, the full liberalization of the second child has little impact on the employment of female workers in China, but has a great impact on the quality of employment. The present work lays a foundation for the study of the impact of UTCT on female employment in future, and offers a certain reference for the further study of the impact of the policy on employment in the future.

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Occupational Gender Segregation in Turkey: The Vertical and Horizontal Dimensions

Cited by 14 publications

References 48 publications

Occupational Segregation Based on Gender and Wage Inequality by Education, Age and Mobility (South Sumatra, Indonesia)

Occupational Segregation Based on Gender and Wage Inequality by Education, Age and Mobility (South Sumatra, Indonesia)

Gender Matters: The Role of Gender in Human and Machine Communication

Influence of UTCP on the employment of female workers and the supply of labor force

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