Occupational exposure to radon in thermal spas

Silva, A. S.; Dinis, Maria de Lurdes; Diogo, Miguel Tato

doi:10.1201/b14391-56

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…For example, a young boy died in Costa Rica because of a parasite present in hot springs (Abrahams-Sandí et al, 2015). Silva et al (2013) warn that the radon found in thermal mineral spas could also pose a threat to human health.…”

Section: Health Safety and Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of key issues in spa management: viewpoints from international industry professionals

Smith

Wallace

2019

International Journal of Spa and Wellness

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The aim of this paper is to examine the main issues that are pertinent to spa directors and employees when managing a spa. These include spa leadership; employee motivation; customer service; quality management; sustainability; health and safety; marketing and sales; financial management and funding; spa experience design; lifestyle and future trends. Using a sample of 45 in-depth e-interviews with respondents from 17 countries representing different positions within the spa sector, the authors analyse the priorities and challenges highlighted by the interviewees. This is framed by some of the latest studies in spa management, which provide a background and comparison for the primary research.

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Section: Health Safety and Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of key issues in spa management: viewpoints from international industry professionals

Smith

Wallace

2019

International Journal of Spa and Wellness

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“…Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas produced by the radioactive decay of radium-226, which is present in uranium ores, phosphate rocks, shales, and igneous and metamorphic rocks such as granite, gneiss and schist (Gray et al, 2009;Silva et al, 2013. It is recognized as the most significant natural source of human exposure, being identified by the World Health Organization as the second leading cause of lung cancer after tobacco smoke (UNSCEAR, 2000;OMS, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of indoor radon levels in Portuguese thermal spas

2016

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The concentration of radon was assessed in the indoor air of 14 thermal spas and in the home of a selected worker from each thermal spa. The measurements of the indoor radon concentration were carried out using CR-39 detectors, placed in both the workplaces and workers' homes, exposed for an average period of 45 days, in different seasons of the year. For the thermal spas, the indoor radon concentration ranged between 73 and 4335 Bq m −3 , with a geometric mean of 445 Bq m −3 and an arithmetic mean of 687 Bq m −3 , and within the workers' homes ranged between 68 and 4051 Bq m −3 , with a geometric mean of 410 Bq m −3 and an arithmetic mean of 785 Bq m −3. The annual effective doses due to radon inhalation were calculated considering two different exposure scenarios for the thermal spas. For the worst-case scenario, assuming that workers do not have job rotation, the values varied between 1 and 31 mSv y −1 , while for an exposure scenario considering job rotation, the calculated dose ranged between 0.6 and 16 mSv y −1. For workers' homes, the calculated dose ranged between 2 and 102 mSv y −1. The results showed that the EU reference level of 300 Bq m −3 (Directive 2013/59/EURATOM) was exceeded in several cases. In 36% of the thermal spas the exposure of the workers is likely to exceed the effective dose of 6 mSv y −1 and in this case, according to the Directive, it should be considered as "a planned exposure situation".

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Assessment of the Indoor Gamma Dose Rates in 15 Portuguese Thermal Spas

Silva

Dinis

2019

Studies in Systems, Decision and Control

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Occupational exposure to radon in thermal spas

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

An analysis of key issues in spa management: viewpoints from international industry professionals

An analysis of key issues in spa management: viewpoints from international industry professionals

Assessment of indoor radon levels in Portuguese thermal spas

Assessment of the Indoor Gamma Dose Rates in 15 Portuguese Thermal Spas

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