Occupational exposure to blood-borne or body fluid pathogens among medical interns at Addington Hospital, Durban

Karani, H; Rangiah, Selvandran; Ross, Andrew

doi:10.1080/20786204.2011.10874135

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This is in keeping with national and international studies that report injury rates in senior medical students of between 11% and 41% per year with an increasing incidence in the senior years [9], [19][20][21][22] and rates as high as 55% to 69% in interns [10,23]. The majority of incidents had occurred during phlebotomy, most likely due to the frequency with which students perform this procedure [10,19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Exposure incidents among medical students in a high-prevalence HIV setting

Rossouw¹,

Rooyen²,

Richter³

2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Occupational injuries in medical students are concerning, especially in countries with a high prevalence of bloodborne infections. With more HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral treatment, appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) depends on knowledge of source patients' infection status and treatment response. This study determined the number and type of exposure incidents, reporting practices, and PEP use among medical students at the University of Pretoria, South Africa. Methodology: Data were collected from an anonymous voluntary questionnaire completed by medical students from years 1 to 6 of study as well as from incident records archived at the Department of Family Medicine. Data were described and tests of association performed in Stata 11. Results: Thirteen percent of students overall and 21% of senior students reported an incident in the preceding year. The majority of incidents occurred during phlebotomy, with fatigue and work pressure found to be major contributing factors. Underreporting was common and many students displayed a lack of risk awareness and a preference for managing the incident privately. Although 59% knew the HIV-status of the source patient, less than a third knew the viral load and only 16.9% the regimen. Side-effects on antiretroviral treatment used for PEP were common and only about three-quarters of the students completed the course. Conclusions: We recommend targeted training, especially in the senior years, together with improving the work environment through attention to working hours, sharps disposal and ready availability of safety devices, improved reporting systems, individualised PEP, and possibly the implementation of an occupational injury support line.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Exposure incidents among medical students in a high-prevalence HIV setting

Rossouw¹,

Rooyen²,

Richter³

2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…The current exposure rate (11%) in this study is one of the lowest compared to other literature. A survey amongst HCWs in Ethiopia [12] and Nigeria [20] reported a prevalence rate of 46% and 67.5% respectively, while in South Africa two studies revealed a prevalence of 79.2% and 77.7% respectively [15,16] in a cohort of medical interns. The prevalence rate close to the one reported in this study is 19.2%, from a study carried out amongst HCWs in Uganda [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample size was determined using an acceptable margin of error of 7%, 95% confidence level and a single population proportion formula considering a prevalence of 60%, most studies reported a prevalence between 40-80%. Studies from Ethiopia [12] and Nigeria [20] reported a prevalence rate of 46% and 67.5% respectively, while in South Africa two studies [15,16] revealed a prevalence of 79.2% and 77.7% respectively.…”

Section: Statistical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In South Africa, a few studies have investigated exposure to HIV among HCWs, although data is lacking from the major tertiary hospitals. During 2008, 42 out of 53 (79.2%) intern doctors reported exposure to blood or body fluids of which 64% were percutaneous injuries and 36% mucosal [16]. Similarly, in 2019 at the Far East Rand Hospital in the Gauteng Province, 136 out of 175 (77.7%) reported exposure to blood and body fluids among interning doctors [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupational exposure to HIV among nurses at a major tertiary hospital: Reporting and utilization of post-exposure prophylaxis; A cross-sectional study in the Western Cape, South Africa

Kabotho

Chivese

2020

PLoS ONE

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Background While treatment for HIV has greatly improved patient outcomes, health care workers, including nurses, remain at high risk of occupational exposure. The risk of exposure is a continuous concern in the South African health system that is overburdened by multiple stressors, including the highest HIV caseload in the world. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of occupational exposure to HIV, reporting and utilization of post-exposure prophylaxis, knowledge, attitudes towards HIV post-exposure prophylaxis and infection control practices amongst nurses at a tertiary hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tygerberg hospital from the 4 th to the 16 th February 2019. Participants were front line nurses working in randomly selected wards. A selfadministered questionnaire was used to collect data from participants. Results Of the 160 participants who took part in the survey, 17 reported occupational exposure to HIV (prevalence 10.6%, 95% CI 6.7-16.6), and of the 17 exposed, 10(58.8%) reported needlestick injuries. From those who were exposed, only 10 (58.8%) reported the incidents and went on post-exposure prophylaxis. However, only 6 out of the 10 completed their treatment. Half (50%) of the participants had inadequate knowledge on HIV post-exposure prophylaxis, 83.3% had adequate attitudes towards HIV post-exposure prophylaxis and 75% had adequate infection control practices.

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“…Exposures were more common among first-than second-year interns (62% v. 38%), and only 64% of percutaneous injuries involving HIV-infected blood were reported. [3,4] Many international bodies have developed guidelines for the prevention and management of infection with blood-borne viruses (BBVs) in HCPs. SA, however, does not have management guidelines in place, and large disparities in disease burden, work practices and healthcare resources complicate adoption of international guidelines.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-borne infections in healthcare workers in South Africa

et al. 2014

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The risks associated with infection of healthcare workers and students with blood-borne pathogens, specifically HIV, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, are often neglected. South Africa (SA) currently has no official policies or guidelines in place for the prevention and management of these infections. This article reviews the available data and international guidelines with regard to infected healthcare practitioners and makes minimum recommendations for the SA setting.

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Occupational exposure to blood-borne or body fluid pathogens among medical interns at Addington Hospital, Durban

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Exposure incidents among medical students in a high-prevalence HIV setting

Exposure incidents among medical students in a high-prevalence HIV setting

Occupational exposure to HIV among nurses at a major tertiary hospital: Reporting and utilization of post-exposure prophylaxis; A cross-sectional study in the Western Cape, South Africa

Blood-borne infections in healthcare workers in South Africa

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