Occupational Ergonomic and Safety Assessments Survey at Various Blacksmith Shops in Jeddah City

Abstract

Purpose: Determine risk factor exposure and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) symptoms among blacksmiths in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia, and environmental exposures to noise and particulate matter. Methods: 36 blacksmiths completed a modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire for MSD symptoms, frequently performed tasks were assessed for MSD risk factors using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), and blacksmith work environments were monitored for noise and particulate matter. Results: Blacksmiths reported high prevalence for MSD symptoms in the past 12-months (neck 67%, wrists/hands 78%, lower back 86%, knees 67%, ankles/feet 86%). RULA indicated frequent tasks had moderate to high magnitudes of risk factor exposure. 8-hour time weighted noise exceeded OSHA thresholds, whereas particulate matter exceeded World Health Organization recommended levels. Conclusion: Blacksmith workers in Saudia Arabia are exposed to environmental hazards, risk factors for MSDs, and have elevated MSD symptom prevalences. Interventions are necessary to reduce exposures to musculoskeletal and environmental hazards.