Occupational contact dermatitis in hairdressers: an analysis of patch test data from the <scp>D</scp>anish <scp>C</scp>ontact <scp>D</scp>ermatitis <scp>G</scp>roup, 2002–2011

Schwensen, Jakob F.; Johansen, Jeanne Duus; Veien, Niels K.; Funding, Anne Toftegaard; Avnstorp, Christian; Østerballe, Morten; Andersen, Klaus Ejner; Paulsen, Evy; Mørtz, Charlotte G.; Sommerlund, Mette; Danielsen, Anne; Andersen, B; Thormann, Jens; Kristensen, Ove; Kristensen, Berit; Vissing, Susanne; Nielsen, Niels; Thyssen, Jacob P.; Søsted, Heidi

doi:10.1111/cod.12176

Cited by 63 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This prevalence is slightly higher than in the study conducted by Hillen et al [4], which found 3.2% of subjects to have contact scalp dermatitis caused by APS. APS is also a frequent occupational allergen in hairdressers [27,28,29,30]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Allergens Identified Based on Patch Test Results in Patients with Suspected Contact Dermatitis of the Scalp

Aleid

Fertig

Maddy

et al. 2016

Skin Appendage Disord

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Background: Contact dermatitis of the scalp is common and might be caused by many chemicals including metals, ingredients of shampoos and conditioners, dyes, or other hair treatments. Eliciting a careful history and patch tests are necessary to identify the responsible allergen and prevent relapses. Objectives: To identify allergens that may cause contact dermatitis of the scalp by reviewing patch test results. Methods: We reviewed the records of 1,015 patients referred for patch testing at the Dermatology Department of the University of Miami. A total of 226 patients (205 females and 21 males) with suspected scalp contact dermatitis were identified, and the patch test results and clinical data for those patients were analyzed. Most patients were referred for patch testing from a specialized hair clinic at our institution. Results: The most common allergens in our study population were nickel (23.8%), cobalt (21.0%), balsam of Peru (18.2%), fragrance mix (14.4%), carba mix (11.6%), and propylene glycol (PG) (8.8%). The majority of patients were females aged 40-59 years, and scalp itching or burning were reported as the most common symptom. Conclusion: Frequent sources of allergens for metals include hair clasps, pins, and brushes, while frequent sources of allergens for preservatives, fragrance mix, and balsam of Peru include shampoos, conditioners, and hair gels. Frequent sources of allergens for PG include topical medications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Allergens Identified Based on Patch Test Results in Patients with Suspected Contact Dermatitis of the Scalp

Aleid

Fertig

Maddy

et al. 2016

Skin Appendage Disord

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“…Çalışmamızda plastik kaplama işçilerinde fenilendiamin baz duyarlılığının yüksek saptanması, fenilendiaminin lastik endüstrisinde bir akselaratör olarak kullanılması nedeniyle beklenen bir durumdur. Kuaförler hem su ile kimyasal irritan/alerjik kimyasallarla sık temas ettikleri için MKD'nin sık görüldüğü bir meslek grubu olup, en sık saptanan alerjenler, yapılan çalışmanın yılı ve ülkesine göre değişiklikler göstermekle beraber, genellikle saç boyalarında bulunan fenilen diamin baz ve kokulardır 29,30 . Bu hasta grubunda yüksek sensitizasyon riski içeren sentetik bir koku olan hidroksiizoheksil 3 siklohegzen karboksialdehid (Liral) 31 ve yine kozmetiklerde sıkça yer olan Peru balsamı ile sensitizasyonun sık görülmesi şaşırtıcı değildir.…”

Section: Grafikunclassified

Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with occupational contact dermatitis: A 3-year single center experience

Aytekin¹,

Toğral²,

Yılmaz³

et al. 2015

TURKDERM

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Background and Design: Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) is responsible for 80-90% of the occupational dermatoses. The aim of this work was to evaluate the clinical features of patients with OCD admitted to our hospital. Materials and Methods: The records of patients, who were admitted to our hospital with OCD between December 2009 and January 2013, were evaluated retrospectively. One hundred fifty-nine patients, who were diagnosed with OCD according to the Mathias criteria, were included in the study. Age, sex, location of the lesions, atopic status, glove use, occupational exposure time and total IgE levels of the patients were assessed. Patients with positive allergic reaction with "European Standard Series Skin Patch Test" were identified as allergic OCD and patients with negative test results as "irritant OCD". The clinical features and patch results of patients are evaluated. Results: One hundred fifty-nine patients with a mean age of 39±7.9 years consisted of 151 men and 8 women. The hands were the most common site of OCD; the palms were the most common affected areas of hand eczema. Eighty-one patients (50.1%) were identified to have allergic OCD and 78 (49.9%) as irritant OCD. Irritant OCD was most commonly seen in dental technicians, whereas allergic OCD was most commonly seen in tailors. The top 3 most frequent allergens were potassium dichromate (15.1%), nickel sulfate (9.11%) and cobalt chloride (10.7%). Conclusion: In our country, there has been no comprehensive study presenting the clinical and descriptive characteristics of OCD. For preventing OCD and reducing sick leave we need to have data that belong to our country. Consequently, multicenter studies should be performed for establishing our own database on OCD.

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“…When oxidative coloring is intended, a precursor is needed (e.g., PPD or toluene-2,5-diamine) in the combination with a coupler (e.g., resorcinol) and an oxidizing agent (e.g., H 2 O 2 ) [9]. PPD is a common used permanent hair dye [11], and hairdressers are at special risk for developing contact allergy to PPD and other permanent hair dyes [7,13]. The maximum allowed concentration of PPD in permanent hair dyes in the European Union before oxidation is 4 %.…”

Section: Hair Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These articles mainly illustrate the fact that children's exposures may have changed. In the adult population, contact allergy to PPD is associated with female gender and being a hairdresser [7,10,13,16,17]. In contrast to this, contact allergy to PPD in children is often observed in both genders [3,5,15], which may indicate that both genders in young children have an equal risk behavior towards exposure to PPD, e.g., temporary henna tattooing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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p-Phenylenediamine and Risk of Sensitization in Children

Schwensen

Johansen

2014

Curr Treat Options Allergy

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Opinion statementContact allergy to p-phenylenediamine (PPD) in children has been described over almost 2 decades, indicating a major problem. PPD can be found in permanent hair dyes and temporary henna tattoos. Children often get sensitized to PPD at a relatively young age when getting a temporary henna tattoo while away on holiday in exotic surroundings. This results in a localized acute allergic reaction at the site of the tattoo within 1-2 weeks after the tattoo has been drawn. The symptoms will clear over weeks on treatment with topical corticosteroids. However, sensitization to PPD will be life-long and may later result in very severe allergic reactions if re-exposure to PPD happens, e.g., by hair dyeing. Populationbased studies indicate that even young children may get their hair dyed and that many teenage girls dye their hair regularly. Exposure to permanent hair dyes with PPD and related substances may in itself lead to PPD sensitization and severe allergic reactions. The allergic reaction will typically develop within hours after dyeing the hair, with clinical presented symptoms such as facial edema and facial dermatitis, which also may generalize. This may lead to hospital admission and treatment with systemic corticosteroids. It is important to note that this is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and should be treated as such. Antihistamines have no effect in this situation. PPD sensitization may have long-term carrier consequences, as, for example, PPD contact allergy in a teenage girl may hinder her entering the hairdressing trade. Patch testing is used to make the diagnosis of PPD sensitization. In children with severe clinical reactions to temporary henna tattoos and/or permanent hair dyes, it is advisable to start the patch testing with PPD in a low concentration, e.g., 0.01 % PPD in petrolatum. It is not recommended to get temporary henna tattoos under any circumstances and children under the age of 16 years should not use permanent hair dyes in order to avoid severe allergic reactions and life-long sensitization to PPD.

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Occupational contact dermatitis in hairdressers: an analysis of patch test data from the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group, 2002–2011

Cited by 63 publications

References 23 publications

Common Allergens Identified Based on Patch Test Results in Patients with Suspected Contact Dermatitis of the Scalp

Common Allergens Identified Based on Patch Test Results in Patients with Suspected Contact Dermatitis of the Scalp

Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with occupational contact dermatitis: A 3-year single center experience

p-Phenylenediamine and Risk of Sensitization in Children

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