Occupational colour vision requirements for police officers

Birch, Jennifer; Chisholm, Catharine M.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00605.x

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is in contrast to most standards for policing in other countries, which require normal or near‐normal colour vision . A survey on the Northern Ireland police also showed concerns about safety and ability to perform their job efficiently, such as providing witness statements with these new police standards in the UK …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is screening for congenital colour vision deficiency in school students worthwhile? A review a

Ramachandran

Wilson

2014

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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This review analyses the literature on screening for congenital colour vision deficiency in school students, which predominantly uses the Ishihara test. The review was framed with respect to the established Wilson and Jungner criteria for screening programs. These criteria relate to the characteristics of the condition concerned, the performance of the screening test, the existence of treatment options and the performance of screening programs.The literature reviewed suggests that congenital colour vision deficiency has not been shown to increase risk of road traffic crashes and is not a preclusion to driver licensing in most developed countries. The occurrence of congenital colour vision deficiency has been used to limit entry into certain occupations; however, the value of screening school students with regard to occupational preclusion is questionable. Stronger evidence exists indicating no association between congenital colour vision deficiency and level of educational achievement. Studies showing any association between congenital colour vision deficiency and other health and lifestyle impacts were rare. The most commonly used screening test (using Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates) performs well with respect to detecting red-green colour vision deficiencies. Finally, the only interventions we identified for congenital colour vision deficiency were management ones around the availability of specific tinted lenses and computer programs to aid colour perception in certain tasks.Given this picture, the weight of evidence appears to be in favour of not adopting (or discontinuing) routine colour vision screening programs for school students; however, it may be worthwhile for a career advisor to refer school students to an optometrist or ophthalmologist for colour vision screening, upon expression of interest in an occupation where normal colour vision is either particularly desirable or is a regulatory requirement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Occupations differ in their requirement for colour vision and in terms of safety or quality assurance . Furthermore, it appears that no single test, including the Ishihara test, can determine preclusion from a career choice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is screening for congenital colour vision deficiency in school students worthwhile? A review a

Ramachandran

Wilson

2014

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…The impact of ocular disorders such as refractive errors and particularly color vision defects on occupational life has been a subject to many studies (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Similar studies were also conducted on medical professionals (8)(9)(10)(11)) and more specifically pathologists or microscopists (12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Ocular diseases among pathologists and pathologists' perceptions on ocular diseases: a survey study

Akman¹,

Kösemehmetoğlu²

2015

TJPATH

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Objective: The impact of visual disorders and color vision deficiency on the occupational life has been previously investigated by several studies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of visual disorders among Turkish pathologists and their perceptions on visual disorders. Material and Method:A survey composed of 14 questions about ocular diseases and perceptions to these diseases has been introduced to the volunteering pathologists or pathology residents, participating in the 23rd Congress of Pathology.Results: Ninety-three pathologists or pathology residents participated in the survey. Of the participants, 25 (26.9%) were residents, 30 (32.3%) were pathology specialists, and 36 (38.7%) were academicians. The mean duration for working as a pathologist was 15 years. The vast majority (%93.5) of the participants had at least one type of refractive error; the two most common disorders were myopia (77.0%) and astigmatism (64.4%). Sixty-four of the participants (68.8%) claimed an increase in their refractive error after working in the pathology department. Eyeglasses (56/87, 64.4%), contact lenses (14/87, 16.1%), or both (9/87, 10.3%) were used in order to correct the refractive error; however, only 31 of the participants (33.3%) preferred using eyeglasses during microscopy. While 65 participants (69.9%) never had conjunctivitis, 26 participants (28.0%) had at least one conjunctivitis attack. None of the participants claimed to be color blind. Conclusion:Conjunctivitis and refractive errors are quite prevalent among pathologists. Refractive errors were also found to increase during the pathology practice. Most of the pathologists do not consider visual disorders (mostly refractive errors) as a negative factor during their career decision making, except a color vision defect. Bulgular: Doksan üç patolog veya patoloji asistanı ankete katıldı. Katılımcıların, 25'i (%26,9) asistan, 30'u (%32,3) patoloji uzmanı ve 36'sı (%38,7) akademisyendi. Patolog olarak ortalama çalışma süresi 15 yıldı. Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunda (%93,5) en az bir kırma kusuru vardı; en yaygın iki bozukluk miyopi (%77,0) ve astigmatizma (%64,4) idi. Altmış dört katılımcı (%68,8) patoloji bölümünde çalışmaya başladıktan sonra kırma kusurunda artış olduğunu belirtti. Kırma kusurunu düzeltmek için gözlük (56/87, %64,4), kontakt lens (14/87, %16,1), ya da her ikisi (9/87, %10,3) kullanılmakla birlikte, katılımcıların sadece 31'i (%33,3) mikroskopi sırasında gözlük kullanmayı tercih etmekte idi. Altmış beş katılımcı (%69,9) konjonktivit tarif etmez iken, 26 katılımcı (%28,0) en az bir kez konjonktivit atağı geçirdiğini bildirdi. Katılımcıların hiçbirinde renk körlüğü olmadığı sonucu ortaya çıktı.Sonuç: Konjonktivit ve kırma kusurları patologlar arasında oldukça yaygındır. Kırma kusurlarının patoloji uygulama sürecinde de arttığı bulunmuştur. Patologların çoğu, renk körlüğü hariç görme kusurlarını (çoğunlukla kırma kusurları) kendi kariyerlerine karar vermede olumsuz bir faktör olarak düşünmemektedir.

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“…The importance of good color vision was further emphasized by Birch et al [13] in Northern Ireland. They reported that more than 65% of serving police officers considered good color vision important for effective policing with only 2% considering it unimportant.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pattern of Inheritance and Career Choices of Secondary School Students Screened for Color Vision Disorders

Aprioku

Awoyesuku

2019

WJOVR

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Color vision disorders (CVD) also known as color blindness or color vision defects are one of the commonest genetic and inherited disorders observed in the human population [1,2,3,4]. Color vision results from stimulation of the cones in the retina in different combinations. [5] Color vision disorders can either be congenital or acquired. [6] With the inheritance patterns, being sex or X linked recessive and is said to be commoner in males than females.In a study by Al Aqtum et al. on-University students in Jordan, the allelic frequencies of the color vision gene was found to 0.087 in males and 0.003 in females. [7] The congenital type is mainly of the red green pattern, symmetrical and bilateral and ranges in severity from mild to severe with a prevalence of 8% in males and 0.5% in females. On the other hand, the acquired type usually has no inheritance pattern, most commonly of the yellow blue variety, unilateral and asymmetrical in the two eyes. [8][9] Color vision is important in many activities of daily living. There are four major tasks under which the importance of color falls and they include:[10].

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Occupational colour vision requirements for police officers

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Is screening for congenital colour vision deficiency in school students worthwhile? A review a

Is screening for congenital colour vision deficiency in school students worthwhile? A review a

Ocular diseases among pathologists and pathologists' perceptions on ocular diseases: a survey study

Pattern of Inheritance and Career Choices of Secondary School Students Screened for Color Vision Disorders

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