Occupational Characteristics and Management Measures of Sporadic COVID-19 Outbreaks From June 2020 to January 2021 in China: The Importance of Tracking Down “Patient Zero”

Feng, Maohui; Ling, Qiong; Xiong, Jie; Manyande, Anne; Xu, Weiguo; Xiang, Boqi

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.670669

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…15 Epidemiological investigations revealed that the risk of imported epidemics in port cities was high, and high-risk occupations were more likely to be infected and cause the spread of the epidemic. 16 Since different COVID-19 vaccines have been marketed, countries around the world have formulated different vaccination strategies and priority is generally given to high-risk groups, such as medical workers and public service workers. 17 , 18 Thus, we chose different occupations who faced a higher risk of infection as the target population in this research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine Among High-Risk Occupations in a Port City of China and Multifaceted Strategies for Increasing Vaccination Coverage: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sun¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2022

RMHP

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Purpose Considering high risk of imported epidemic in port cities, it is necessary to estimate COVID-19 vaccine acceptability and to promote vaccination coverage of high-risk occupations. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the occupations in Yantai city, China, using an online questionnaire service platform. Targeted strategies were developed based on the survey results. In addition, periodic monitoring of the vaccination rate was provided in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies. Results A total of 2231 (73.22%) of 3047 participants were willing to accept the vaccine, while 2.53% refused and 24.25% were not sure. Frontline port workers (133/152, 87.50%) and healthcare workers (999/1155, 86.49%) had higher intentions to accept, while public places and commercial service staff (584/1011, 57.76%) had the lowest. The reasons for refusal and hesitation were mainly “doubt of safety or effectiveness” (661/816, 81.00%) and “hearing previous news about vaccines” (455/816, 55.76%). Multilevel strategies such as adequate organizations, health education and promotion, and easy access to vaccination were promoted by local authorities in collaboration with schools, hospitals, enterprises and institutions. The study showed a significant increase in vaccination rate among these occupations after the implementation of these strategies ( p <0.001), reaching 87.96%. Conclusion COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among high-risk occupations was unsatisfactory before the stage of emergency vaccination. An advanced understanding of vaccine attitudes and acceptance can aid in the development of focused immunization promotion programs. It is worth emphasizing that wide strategies with the strong support and enthusiastic cooperation of the government and the industry executive can contribute to increasing occupations’ acceptance of the ongoing COVID-19 immunization project.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine Among High-Risk Occupations in a Port City of China and Multifaceted Strategies for Increasing Vaccination Coverage: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sun¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2022

RMHP

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“…China had taken the extremely stringent comprehensive intervention measures named the zero-COVID-19 policy to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 after the initial outbreak of COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan city in early 2020 [ 13 , 14 ]. Therefore, during the first three years of the pandemic COVID-19, only sporadic clusters of COVID-19 cases occurred in a few cities in mainland China and the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was interrupted within a few weeks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in children unvaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine in Changzhou, China, shortly after lifting zero-COVID-19 policy in December 2022

Tang,

Wang,

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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Background China experienced an overwhelming COVID-19 pandemic from middle December 2022 to middle January 2023 after lifting the zero-COVID-19 policy on December 7, 2022. However, the infection rate was less studied. We aimed to investigate the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in children shortly after discontinuation of the zero-COVID-19 policy. Methods From February 20 to April 10, 2023, we included 393 children aged 8 months to less than 3 years who did not receive COVID-19 vaccination and 114 children aged 3 to 6 years who received inactivated COVID-19 vaccines based on the convenience sampling in this cross-sectional study. IgG and IgM antibodies against nucleocapsid (N) and subunit 1 of spike (S1) of SARS-CoV-2 (anti-N/S1) were measured with commercial kits (Shenzhen YHLO Biotech, China). Results Of the 393 unvaccinated children (1.5 ± 0.6 years; 52.2% boys), 369 (93.9%) were anti-N/S1 IgG positive. Of the 114 vaccinated children (5.3 ± 0.9 years; 48.2% boys), 112 (98.2%) were anti-N/S1 IgG positive. None of the unvaccinated or vaccinated children was anti-N/S1 IgM positive. The median IgG antibody titers in vaccinated children (344.91 AU/mL) were significantly higher than that in unvaccinated children (42.80 AU/mL) (P < 0.0001). The positive rates and titers of anti-N/S1 IgG had no significant difference between boys and girls respectively. Conclusion Vast majority of children were infected with SARS-CoV-2 shortly after ending zero-COVID-19 policy in China. Whether these unvaccinated infected children should receive COVID-19 vaccine merits further investigation.

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“…Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19), is transmitted through respiratory tract by inhaling the virus in droplets and aerosol. China had taken the extremely strict non-pharmaceutical interventions to contain SARS-CoV-2, called "zero-COVID-19 policy, " after recognition of the disastrous consequences of COVID-19 in early 2020 (1,2). The zero-COVID-19 policy played important roles in the control of COVID-19 in the mainland China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children shortly after ending zero-COVID-19 policy in China on December 7, 2022: a cross-sectional, multicenter, seroepidemiological study

Zhou,

Xu,

Tao

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundChina discontinued the zero-COVID-19 policy on December 7, 2022, and then COVID-19 surged mid-December 2022 through mid-January 2023. However, the actual incidence was unknown. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children shortly after ending the zero-COVID-19 policy.MethodsThis multicenter cross-sectional study included 1,065 children aged 8 months to 12 years from seven hospitals at six regions across Jiangsu province, based on the convenience sampling, from February 10 to March 10, 2023. Group I comprised 324 children aged 8 months–2 years without COVID-19 vaccination, group II consisted of 338 preschool children aged 3–5 years with varied vaccination history, and group III contained 403 primary school children aged 6–12 years with mostly vaccinated. The COVID-19 vaccines were composed of inactivated SARS-CoV-2. In addition, 96 children’s sera collected in 2014 were included as negative controls. IgG and IgM antibodies against nucleocapsid (N) and subunit 1 of spike (S1) of SARS-CoV-2 (anti-N/S1) were measured with commercial kits (YHLO Biotech, Shenzhen, China).ResultsNone of the 96 children (5.1 ± 3.5 years; 58.3% boys) in 2014 was positive for anti-N/S1 IgG or IgM. Of the 1,065 children (5.0 ± 3.5 years; 56.0% boys), 988 (92.8%) were anti-N/S1 IgG positive but none was anti-N/S1 IgM positive. The positive rate of anti-N/S1 IgG in Group I, II, and III was 90.4, 88.5, and 98.3%, respectively, with significantly higher in group III than in groups I and II (p < 0.0001). The median antibody titers in group III (381.61 AU/ml) were much higher than that in group I (38.34 AU/ml) and II (51.88 AU/ml; p < 0.0001).ConclusionMore than 90% children experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection shortly after ending zero-COVID-19 policy in China, much higher than estimated infections by other studies. The widespread SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated children should be influential on the policy of COVID-19 vaccination in children in the future.

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Occupational Characteristics and Management Measures of Sporadic COVID-19 Outbreaks From June 2020 to January 2021 in China: The Importance of Tracking Down “Patient Zero”

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine Among High-Risk Occupations in a Port City of China and Multifaceted Strategies for Increasing Vaccination Coverage: A Cross-Sectional Study

Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine Among High-Risk Occupations in a Port City of China and Multifaceted Strategies for Increasing Vaccination Coverage: A Cross-Sectional Study

High SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in children unvaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine in Changzhou, China, shortly after lifting zero-COVID-19 policy in December 2022

Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children shortly after ending zero-COVID-19 policy in China on December 7, 2022: a cross-sectional, multicenter, seroepidemiological study

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