Occupational Burnout Among Frontline Health Professionals in a High-Risk Area During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Structural Equation Model

Li, Dan; Wang, Yuan‐Yuan; Yu, Hui; Duan, Zhizhou; Peng, Ke; Wang, Nan; Zhou, Qiang; Hu, Xudong; Fang, Ke; Wilson, Amanda; Ou, Jianjun; Wang, Xiaoping

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.575005

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The relationship between gender and burnout is also somewhat controversial (Sanfilippo et al, 2017;Low et al, 2019), in our study, the gender variable was not an influencing factor of burnout in multiple linear regression analysis, which is similar to the results of studies developed in China during the COVID-19 outbreak Li et al, 2021). In our study, HCWs who were older showed higher PA, which was similarity to a study conducted among HCWs in China (Huo et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In our study, 48.6% of frontline HCWs were suffering from burnout, higher than the figure (36.5%) reported in a previous study conducted among Chinese HCWs during the pandemic (Huo et al, 2021). The prevalence of EE symptom (37.3%) is higher than that (34.2%) reported in another study conducted in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Li et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…The outbreak of COVID-19 triggered widespread alarm among HCWs about the potential for burnout. In Asia, according to Li D et al,34.2% of HCWs from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital experienced COVID-19 related burnout (Li et al, 2021). Another study developed in China showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic 36.5% of Chinese HCWs experienced burnout (Huo et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Factors Associated With Burnout of Frontline Healthcare Workers in Fighting Against the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From China

et al. 2021

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ObjectivesThe sudden outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) plunged healthcare workers (HCWs) into warfare. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout and the factors associated with it among frontline HCWs fighting COVID-19.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among frontline HCWs fighting against the COVID-19 in Wuhan, Harbin, and Shenzhen during the period from February 18 to March 4. Finally, HCWs were recruited using cluster sampling, 1,163 HCWs were included in the final analysis. Burnout was measured using a 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory scale (MBI scale).ResultsOf the participants, 48.6% suffered from burnout, and 21.8% showed a high degree of burnout. Doctors (b = 3.954, P = 0.011) and nurses (b = 3.067, P = 0.042) showed higher emotional exhaustion (EE) than administrators. Participants who worked continuously for more than 8 h a day (b = 3.392, P = 0.000), those who were unable to eat three regular daily meals (b = 2.225, P = 0.008), whose daily water intake was no more than 800 ml (b = 3.007, P = 0.000), who slept for no more than 6 h (b = 1.609, P = 0.036), and who were infected or had colleagues who were infected with COVID-19 (b = 4.182, P = 0.000) experienced much higher levels of EE, while those who could adhere to infection control procedures (b = −5.992, P = 0.000), who were satisfied with their hospital’s infection control measures(b = −3.709, P = 0.001), and who could receive sufficient psychological crisis intervention (b = −1.588, P = 0.039) reported lower levels of EE.ConclusionThe study reveals that burnout is prevalent among frontline HCWs and that the known factors associated with burnout, such as workload, and the factors directly associated with COVID-19, such as having insufficient protection, can affect burnout symptoms in frontline HCWs. Synergized and comprehensive interventions should be targeted at reducing its occurrence among frontline HCWs fighting COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Factors Associated With Burnout of Frontline Healthcare Workers in Fighting Against the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From China

et al. 2021

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“…Based on the study findings, we suggest a stepwise approach that identifies the predictors of burnout components (EE, DP, and PA), selects the most vulnerable job category based on the identified predictors, and then manages the target job category, preferentially improving predictors that can exert a favorable influence on other job categories. We also suggest that follow-up studies should identify biomarkers and somatization in the workforce responding to infectious diseases by referring to the psychosomatic symptoms of burnout [ 64 ], biomarkers such as salivary cortisol, or biochemical parameters such as HbA1C [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Burnout in Hospital Health Workers during the COVID-19 Outbreak in South Korea

Jihn

Kim

Kim³

2021

IJERPH

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This study aimed to identify the factors that influence the components of burnout—emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA)—among hospital health workers, including doctors and nurses, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed 200 healthcare workers’ responses to the Employee Health Promotion Survey conducted at a general hospital in Seoul with over 200 hospital beds. The questionnaire included items about COVID-19-related burnout and its influencing factors. We performed three different multiple regression analyses using EE, DP, and PA as the dependent variables. The results show that sex, marital status, workload of treating suspected COVID-19 patients, fear of COVID-19 infection, anxiety, and depression predicted EE. The predictors of DP were job category, consecutive months of work in the current department, satisfaction with work environment, anxiety, and depression. The predictors of PA were the workload of directly interacting with patients, socioeconomic status, and job stress. For EE and DP, burnout was found to be worse in doctors and nurses than in other health workers; moreover, burnout was worse among nurses than among doctors across all three aspects of burnout. The findings can be used to establish tailored policies to address each burnout component.

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“… 22 Meanwhile, burnout (eg, emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation) was a contributing factor to the higher PTSS score. 118 As workers may misidentify traumatic symptoms (eg, arousal, detachment) as burnout rather than a traumatic response referring to PTSS, 119 it is necessary to distinguish between PTSS and burnout of HCWs. Workplace health programmes and health surveillance for protecting the mental health of HCWs are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with peritraumatic stress symptoms among the frontline healthcare workers during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the prevalence of peritraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs), perceived threat, social support and factors contributing to clinically significant PTSS among frontline COVID-19 healthcare workers (HCWs) in China.Design and settingAn online survey through self-administered questionnaires was conducted from 18 February to 4 March 2020, during the outbreak of COVID-19.Outcomes measuresPTSS was assessed using the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) self-rating scale. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, self-reported health, physical/psychological symptoms, perceived threat from frontline work and perceived social support were investigated. Multivariable line regression analysis distinguished factors associated with HCWs’ PTSS scores.ResultsA total of 676 (58.1%) HCWs have shown clinically significant high levels of PTSS. Only 441 (37.9%) self-reported good health. Most had physical symptom(s) (915 (78.7%)), psychological symptom(s) (906 (77.9%)), inability to vent emotions (284 (24.4%)), emotional exhaustion (666 (57.3%)) and 1037 (89.2%) needed professional respect. Moreover, social support received was less than expected, and the receipt of psychological services/help scored the lowest (3.11±1.73). Combined psychological and physical symptoms, difficulty in releasing tension and venting emotions timely, fear of infection, emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation are significantly associated with PTSS scores among frontline HCWs. Working ≥8 hours, having the senior professional title, self-reported health, enjoying perfect protection and control measures, economic subsidy and control policy on reducing discriminatory practices are negatively correlated with PTSS scores.ConclusionsDuring the outbreak of COVID-19, frontline HCWs experienced clinically significant high levels of PTSS and heavy workload, and the emergency resulted in their inadequate psychosocial support. If this is left unchecked, HCWs have a higher risk of developing PTSD. Early detection, identification and person-directed, targeted multidisciplinary interventions should be undertaken to address various influencing factors. Comprehensive measures, including setting up emotional release channels, as well as providing psychological and social support intervention for HCWs globally, are highly recommended.

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Occupational Burnout Among Frontline Health Professionals in a High-Risk Area During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Structural Equation Model

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Burnout of Frontline Healthcare Workers in Fighting Against the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From China

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Burnout of Frontline Healthcare Workers in Fighting Against the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From China

Predictors of Burnout in Hospital Health Workers during the COVID-19 Outbreak in South Korea

Factors associated with peritraumatic stress symptoms among the frontline healthcare workers during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China

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