Occupational Asthma due to Chromium

Leroyer, Christophe; Dewitte, J.-D.; Bassanets, A; Boutoux, M; Daniel, C. Ralph; Clavier, J

doi:10.1159/000029303

Cited by 37 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…We did not ascertain the material of gloves and thus it was not possible to comment on this effect. Protective effect for asthma in our population might be due to protection of skin from harmful chemicals which are so well known to cause hypersensitivity and allergy [2,22]. Skin exposure to chemicals have been shown to play a role in initial immunologic sensitization [23], which is a very important link in causal chain for asthma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and determinants of asthma in adult male leather tannery workers in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross sectional study

2006

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the various risk factors of asthma, those of occupational origin are gaining more importance with time due to use of various chemicals in industries which potentially induce hypersensitivity and predisposition to asthma [2,3]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and determinants of asthma in adult male leather tannery workers in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross sectional study

2006

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“…[59][60][61][62][63][64] Chromium (VI) is found in cigarette smoke and ash. 65 There are limited reports that elevated chromium (III) exposure may also result in contact allergic sensitization.…”

Section: Chromiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic elements in tobacco and in cigarette smoke: inflammation and sensitization

2011

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Biochemically and pathologically, there is strong evidence for both atopic and nonatopic airway sensitization, hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation as a consequence of exposure to tobacco mainstream or sidestream smoke particulate. There is growing evidence for the relation between exposure to mainstream and sidestream smoke and diseases resulting from reactive oxidant challenge and inflammation directly as a consequence of the combined activity of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, as a humoral immunological consequence of sensitization, and that the metal components of the particulate play a role in adjuvant effects. As an end consequence, carcinogenicity is a known outcome of chronic inflammation.Smokeless tobacco has been evaluated by the IARC as a group 1 carcinogen. Of the many harmful constituents in smokeless tobacco, oral tissue metallothionein gradients suggest that metals contribute to the toxicity from smokeless tobacco use and possibly sensitization.This work reviews and examines work on probable contributions of toxic metals from tobacco and smoke to pathology observed as a consequence of smoking and the use of smokeless tobacco. Metals and metalloids in tobaccoThough exposure to substances from tobacco use is obviously a complex exposure, the carcinogens in tobacco smoke have been classified for health risk determinations into five major chemical classes. 1 Some of these have been carefully studied, contributing to a strong weight of evidence for associated health risks. 2 Toxic metals and metalloids constitute one of the more understudied major carcinogenic chemical classes in smokeless tobacco products and tobacco smoke. Eight of the top forty substances in the Fowles and Dybing table of cancer risk indices are metals or metalloid compounds. 1 In their table of non-cancer risk indices for individual chemical constituents of mainstream cigarette smoke based on a single cigarette per day, three of the top eight listed for respiratory effect health risk, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, and nickel, were metals. Another metalloid, silicon in the form of silicates, poses serious health risks by inhalation, but limited data is available, likely due to analytical difficulties.Metals and metalloids in smoke from biomass combustion including tobacco are generally considered to be present in ionic form, but may also occur in a gaseous elemental form, as is the case for mercury. 3 Whether a tobacco product is consumed by smoking or in a smokeless form, the exposure to toxic metals is directly related to the concentration in the tobacco leaf, assuming no metal containing additives are included during manufacture. [4][5][6] The soil (including any amendments to the soil such as sludge, fertilizers, or irrigation with

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“…Common asthmagens identifiable by this method include metals such as cadmium (224,225), chromium (226,229), cobalt (230)(231)(232)(233), and nickel (234)(235)(236)(237)(238)(239) compounds. This method is aided by knowledge of the chemicals present in the workplace and the reversal of symptoms upon removal from the workplace.…”

Section: Evaluating Human Exposure and Its Relationship To Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%