Occupational asthma caused by ethanolamines

Savonius, B.; Keskinen, Helena; Tuppurainen, Matti; Kanerva, Lasse

doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00791.x

Cited by 77 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Some chemicals in cleaning products have been suggested to cause work-related asthma, for example, chlorine and ammonia (3), quaternary ammonium compounds (5,6), and (ethanol)amines (7). However, so far, no epidemiologic study on asthma among cleaning workers has been performed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthma risk, cleaning activities and use of specific cleaning products among Spanish indoor cleaners

Kogevinas²,

Sunyer³

et al. 2001

Scand J Work Environ Health

103

114

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthma risk, cleaning activities and use of specific cleaning products among Spanish indoor cleaners

Kogevinas²,

Sunyer³

et al. 2001

Scand J Work Environ Health

103

114

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“…In addition, fluid aerosol can be generated by condensation occurring as soon as the fluids vaporize, due to the extreme heat generated in metalworking operations. The airborne generation of EAs during machining operations is less well understood, despite the results of several studies showing that exposure to EAs in metalworking fluids can induce acute allergic responses, including asthma (Savonius et al, 1994;Bruze et al, 1995;Piipari et al, 1998;Sandin et al, 1990;Suuronen et al, 2007;Anderson et al, 2009;Lessmann et al, 2009). To the best of our knowledge, only airborne TEA exposure levels, and not those of MEA and DEA, have been reported in automotive parts manufacturing plants that use wbMWFs (Kenyon et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total EA classification estimated from the aerosol level could be used in association with information on adverse health effects to undertake epidemiological studies of conditions that may be caused by EA exposure. Although there have been several reports concerning respiratory acute allergic responses, including dyspenea and asthma (Savonius et al, 1994;Piipari et al, 1998), EA exposure from machining operations has not thus far been assessed in association with respiratory health effects or other adverse health complaints. To the best of our knowledge, there is as yet no medium available for simultaneous collection of the three types of EA via the inhalation exposure route, because the EA appear in the air either as vapor or as aerosols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Howere, they may induce asthma even at air concentrations below occupational exposure limits (OELs) (Savonius et al, 1994;Piipari et al, 1998). Savonius et al (1994) reported two metalworkers who, after several years of exposure, developed asthma attributed to TEA in the MWF they used, although the exposure concentrations were not reported. To the best of our knowledge, few articles have reported the EA levels from either bulk metalworking fluid or air in metalworking operations (Kenyon et al, 1993;HenriksEckerman et al, 2007;Suuronen et al, 2007), although there have been several studies examining respiratory health effects of EA exposure (Savonius et al, 1994;Piipari et al, 1998;Lessmann et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships among Fluid Ethanolamine Formulation, Airborne Ethanolamines, and Aerosol Levels in Machining Operations

Park

Kim²,

2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Alkanolamines or ethanolamines -triEA (TEA), di-EA (DEA), and mono-EA (MEA) -may be used in water-soluble metalworking fluids to stabilize pH or inhibit corrosion. The objectives of this study were to compare EAs levels from air and used fluid bulk among the various metalworking operations, and to examine the relationship not only between aerosol concentration and total airborne EA levels, but also between aerosol levels and the proportion of each type of EA in the total EA in air and fluid bulk. The EA from air and fluid bulk collected from machining operations were quantified by ion chromatography. Airborne EA were taken into de-ionized water (DI) using an impinger. Average aerosol levels were 1.15 mg/m 3 for machining and 0.84 mg/m 3 for grinding operations. The highest aerosol and total EA levels were for (i) washing operations (4.06 mg/m 3 and 1.33 mg/m 3 , respectively), where compressed air was frequently used to clean metal machine parts, and (ii) individual tanks (1.83 mg/m 3 and 2.31 mg/m 3 , respectively). Airborne MEA was detected in all samples (n = 53), while TEA was not detected in any air samples (n = 13) taken from areas without machining operations. Machining operations showed a significant relationship between aerosol and total EA levels (n = 21, R 2 = 0.74). The EA content ratio (EA R : level of each EA in air as a% of total EA in air)/(level of each EA in bulk fluid as a% of total EA in bulk fluid) showed a significant association with the aerosol level, but showed a different pattern according to the EA type. A negative exponential relationship was observed for MEA R (n = 9, R 2 = 0.64), with MEA R being greater than "1" at low aerosol concentrations (< 1 mg/m 3 ). In contrast, TEA R increased linearly with increasing aerosol levels, reaching almost "1" when the aerosol concentration was higher than 2.0 mg/m 3 . The relationship between fluid EA formulation, airborne EA levels, and aerosol levels in machining operations was found to be quite different according to the type of EA.

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A strategy to reduce healthy worker effect in a cross-sectional study of asthma and metalworking fluids

et al. 1997

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This report describes the reanalysis of a cross‐sectional study of asthma in a large cohort of autoworkers with exposure to metalworking fluids (MWF). There is strong evidence from case reports, clinical studies, and medical surveillance data that exposure to MWF can cause asthma, yet no association was found in the original analysis. The central hypothesis of the reanalysis was that the absence of an association between asthma and MWF exposure was the result of bias caused by the self‐selection of asthmatics out of exposed jobs. We addressed the potential job transfer bias by redefining exposure and disease status at the time of asthma onset, rather than at the time of the health survey. This permitted us to treat the cross‐sectional study as if it were a historical cohort study, despite the fact that the population was a biased sample of the full cohort. This approach resulted in a significantly elevated incidence rate ratio of 3.2 (95% CI: 1.2–8.3) for synthetic MWF estimated in a Cox proportional hazards model. Although the cross‐sectional design makes it impossible to document or control for differential selection out of the workforce, the approach described here provides a strategy for reducing the healthy‐worker effect due to job transfer bias in cross‐sectional studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 31:671–677, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Occupational asthma caused by ethanolamines

Cited by 77 publications

References 18 publications

Asthma risk, cleaning activities and use of specific cleaning products among Spanish indoor cleaners

Asthma risk, cleaning activities and use of specific cleaning products among Spanish indoor cleaners

Relationships among Fluid Ethanolamine Formulation, Airborne Ethanolamines, and Aerosol Levels in Machining Operations

A strategy to reduce healthy worker effect in a cross-sectional study of asthma and metalworking fluids

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