Occupational asthma by Anisakis simplex☆☆☆★

Armentia, Alicia; Lombardero, M.; Callejo, Ana; Santos, J.M. Martín; Gil, Francisco Javier Martín; Vega, José M.; Arranz, M.; Martínez, Castro

doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(98)70024-7

Cited by 71 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In other countries, where Pseudoterranova is more frequent (such as the United States), perhaps this parasite's allergens should be tested for when testing for fish allergy. As far as the occupational aspect is concerned, there are reports from the Basque Country (27), other regions of Spain (12,17,220), Italy (221), and South Africa (201).…”

Section: Human Susceptibility Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anisakis simplex is now associated with occupational seafood allergy (130), and it is important to appreciate that more than 38 million people work in fish production activities (fishery and aquaculture) (201), aside from related sectors (fishmongers, cooks, animal feed production workers) (16,17). Should skin and mucous membrane barrier protection methods therefore be considered as protective measures for these workers?…”

Section: Occupational Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alarmingly, some episodes of allergy have been described in association with exposure to even very small doses of A. simplex antigens and without the involvement of living parasites: two episodes of anaphylaxis have been reported in direct association with skin prick testing using an A. simplex extract (25,50). It has also been reported that A. simplex allergy behaves as other severe food allergies in that it can be provoked by skin contact or inhalation of minute quantities of the allergen (258), causing occupational hazards such as conjunctivitis (12) and asthma (17,220,241), protein contact dermatitis, and conjunctivitis (51,61). More recently, a cross-sectional epidemiologic analysis of South African fish-processing workers revealed a high prevalence (8%) of sensitization to A. simplex (higher than sensitization to fish) associated with dermatitis and nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity (201).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anisakis simplex: from Obscure Infectious Worm to Inducer of Immune Hypersensitivity

2008

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SUMMARY Infection of humans with the nematode worm parasite Anisakis simplex was first described in the 1960s in association with the consumption of raw or undercooked fish. During the 1990s it was realized that even the ingestion of dead worms in food fish can cause severe hypersensitivity reactions, that these may be more prevalent than infection itself, and that this outcome could be associated with food preparations previously considered safe. Not only may allergic symptoms arise from infection by the parasites (“gastroallergic anisakiasis”), but true anaphylactic reactions can also occur following exposure to allergens from dead worms by food-borne, airborne, or skin contact routes. This review discusses A. simplex pathogenesis in humans, covering immune hypersensitivity reactions both in the context of a living infection and in terms of exposure to its allergens by other routes. Over the last 20 years, several studies have concentrated on A. simplex antigen characterization and innate as well as adaptive immune response to this parasite. Molecular characterization of Anisakis allergens and isolation of their encoding cDNAs is now an active field of research that should provide improved diagnostic tools in addition to tools with which to enhance our understanding of pathogenesis and controversial aspects of A. simplex allergy. We also discuss the potential relevance of parasite products such as allergens, proteinases, and proteinase inhibitors and the activation of basophils, eosinophils, and mast cells in the induction of A. simplex-related immune hypersensitivity states induced by exposure to the parasite, dead or alive.

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Section: Human Susceptibility Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Occupational Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anisakis simplex: from Obscure Infectious Worm to Inducer of Immune Hypersensitivity

2008

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“…Both routes of sensitization primed mice to exhibit allergic airway inflammation after subsequent intranasal challenge with an Anisakis extract. This finding is important, because it strongly suggests that repeated inhalation of aerosolized Anisakis proteins is able to cause respiratory reactions, as suggested by previous studies of humans (1,3,37). This is particularly relevant for food-and work-related allergies in exposed individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…This is an important clinical question in view of the fact that several case and prevalence studies, including ours, indicate that sensitization by inhalation of Anisakis proteins might be an important cause of work-related allergies (1,3,7,37,39,40). Aerosolized food allergens cause as much as 10% of asthma in the occupational environment (41), and Anisakis allergens aerosolized during fish cleaning, cooking, or fish meal production may therefore pose a risk for workers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%