Occupational and Non-occupational Injuries Can Result in Prolonged Augmentation of Psychiatric Disorders

Chin, Wei-Shan; Liao, Shih‐Cheng; Pan, Shih-Chun; Guo, Yang

doi:10.2188/jea.je20200374

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…In addition, PLWH enrolled in care faced potential discontinued of ART due to movement restriction policies implemented during the COVID-19 outbreak. An online survey conducted during the level one PHER found 32.6% of PLWH to be at risk of ART discontinuation soon [ 4 ]. In another survey conducted by telephone, 19.1% of PLHW did not get medicine supply in China during the COVID-19 outbreak [ 1 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic since its first report in December 2019 [ 1 – 4 ]. Most countries have had to close borders or restrict international traffic as part of upscaled public health systems to contain transmission rates in response to the pandemic [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on HIV care continuum in Jiangsu, China

Shi

Tang

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic seriously threatens general public health services globally. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the HIV care continuum in Jiangsu province, China. Methods Data on newly diagnosed HIV persons for analysis were retrieved from Chinas’ web-based Comprehensive Response Information Management System (CRIMS) for HIV/AIDS from 2016 to 2020. We recorded data for the first 3 months (January to March, 2020) of strictly implementing COVID-19 measures from publicly available disease databases of the Jiangsu provincial Health Committee. We used seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and exponential smoothing in forecasting the parameters. Subgroup differences were accessed using Chi-square tests. Results Compared to the estimated proportions, the HIV testing rates decreased by 49.0% (919,938) in the first three months of implementing COVID-19 measures. Of an estimated 1555 new HIV diagnosis expected in the same period, only 63.0% (980) new diagnoses were recorded. According to actual data recorded during the said period, 980 positively tested persons received confirmatory tests, of which 71.4% (700) were reportedly linked to care. And only 49.5% (235) out of the expected 475 newly diagnosed HIV persons received CD4 cell count testing. Meanwhile 91.6% (208) of newly diagnosed HIV persons who received CD4 count tests reportedly initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared to the 227 expected. Compared to the same period from 2016 to 2019, PLWH less than 30 years old and migrants were more likely to be affected by the COVID-19 policies. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted HIV healthcare systems in Jiangsu, China. Further measures that can counter the impact of the pandemic are needed to maintain the HIV care continuum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on HIV care continuum in Jiangsu, China

Shi

Tang

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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Chronic Low Back Pain Causal Risk Factors Identified by Mendelian Randomization: a Cross-Sectional Cohort Analysis

Zheng,

Scheffler,

Ewing

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Context: There are a number of risk factors- from biological, psychological, and social domains- for non-specific chronic low back pain (cLBP). Many cLBP treatments target risk factors on the assumption that the targeted factor is not just associated with cLBP but is also a cause (i.e, a causal risk factor). In most cases this is a strong assumption, primarily due to the possibility of confounding variables. False assumptions about the causal relationships between risk factors and cLBP likely contribute to the generally marginal results from cLBP treatments. Purpose: The objectives of this study were to a) using rigorous confounding control compare associations between modifiable causal risk factors identified by Mendelian randomization (MR) studies with associations in a cLBP population and b) estimate the association of these risk factors with cLBP outcomes. Study Design/Setting: Cross sectional analysis of a longitudinal, online, observational study. Patient Sample: 1,376 participants in BACKHOME, a longitudinal observational e- Cohort of U.S. adults with cLBP that is part of the NIH Back Pain Consortium (BACPAC) Research Program. Outcome Measures: Pain, Enjoyment of Life, and General Activity (PEG) Scale. Methods: Five risk factors were selected based on evidence from MR randomization studies: sleep disturbance, depression, BMI, alcohol use, and smoking status. Confounders were identified using the ESC-DAG approach, a rigorous method for building directed acyclic graphs based on causal criteria. Strong evidence for confounding was found for age, female sex, education, relationship status, financial strain, anxiety, fear avoidance and catastrophizing. These variables were used to determine the adjustment sets for the primary analysis. Potential confounders with weaker evidence were used for a sensitivity analysis. Results: Participants had the following characteristics: age 54.9 +/- 14.4 years, 67.4% female, 60% never smokers, 29.9% overweight, 39.5% obese, PROMIS sleep disturbance T-score 54.8 +/- 8.0, PROMIS depression T-score 52.6 +/- 10.1, Fearavoidance Beliefs Questionnaire 11.6 +/- 5.9, Patient Catastrophizing Scale 4.5 +/- 2.6, PEG 4.4 +/- 2.2. In the adjusted models alcohol use, sleep disturbance, depression, and obesity were associated with PEG, after adjusting for confounding variables identified via a DAG constructed using a rigorous protocol. The adjusted effect estimates- the expected change in the PEG outcome for every standard deviation increase or decrease in the exposure (or category shift for categorical exposures) were the largest for sleep disturbance and obesity. Each SD increase in the PROMIS sleep disturbance T-score resulted in a mean 0.77 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.88) point increase in baseline PEG score. Compared to participants with normal BMI, adjusted mean PEG score was slightly higher by 0.37 points (95% CI: 0.09, 0.65) for overweight participants, about 0.8 to 0.9 points higher for those in obesity classes I and II, and 1.39 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.80) points higher for the most obese participants. Each SD increase in the PROMIS depression T-score was associated with a mean 0.28 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.40) point increase in baseline PEG score, while each SD decrease in number of alcoholic drinks per week resulted in a mean 0.12 (95%CI: 0.01, 0.23) increase in baseline PEG score in the adjusted model. Conclusions: Several modifiable causal risk factors for cLBP - alcohol use, sleep disturbance, depression, and obesity- are associated with PEG, after adjusting for confounding variables identified via a DAG constructed using a rigorous protocol. Convergence of our findings for sleep disturbance, depression, and obesity with the results from MR studies, which have different designs and biases, strengthens the evidence for causal relationships between these risk factors and cLBP (1). The estimated effect of change in a risk factors on change in PEG were the largest for sleep disturbance and obesity. Future analyses will evaluate these relationships with longitudinal data.

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Associations among Health Status, Occupation, and Occupational Injuries or Diseases: A Multi-Level Analysis

Wen

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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Purpose: The present study used a hierarchical generalized linear model to explore the effects of physical and mental health and occupational categories on occupational injuries and diseases. Methods: The data were obtained from the Registry for Beneficiaries of the 2002–2013 National Health Insurance Research Database. The benefit categories involved adults with occupational injuries and diseases. Six major occupational categories and 28 subcategories were used. The main analysis methods were binary logistic regression (BLR) and hierarchical generalized linear model (HGLM). Results: After adjustment for relevant factors, the three major occupation subcategories most likely to develop occupational injuries and diseases were Subcategory 12 “employees with fixed employers” of Category 1 “civil servants, employees in public or private schools, laborers, and self-employed workers”; Subcategory 2 “employees in private organizations” of Category 1; and “sangha and religionists” of Category 6 “other citizens.” Conditions such as mental disorders and obesity increased the risk of occupational injuries and diseases. Conclusion: A portion of the occupational categories had a higher risk of occupational injuries and diseases. Physical and mental health issues were significantly correlated with occupational injuries and diseases. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to use HGLM to analyze differences in occupational categories in Taiwan.

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Occupational and Non-occupational Injuries Can Result in Prolonged Augmentation of Psychiatric Disorders

Abstract: This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record.

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on HIV care continuum in Jiangsu, China

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on HIV care continuum in Jiangsu, China

Chronic Low Back Pain Causal Risk Factors Identified by Mendelian Randomization: a Cross-Sectional Cohort Analysis

Associations among Health Status, Occupation, and Occupational Injuries or Diseases: A Multi-Level Analysis

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