Occupational and Environmental Lead Exposure in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: Analysis of its association with renal function indices

Alasia, Datonye; Emem-Chioma, PC; Wokoma, Friday Samuel

doi:10.4314/njm.v19i4.61965

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Among the studied elements, lead attracted most of researchers’ attention in the past and present, and plenty of studies have documented kidney toxicity [22], cardiovascular effects, including arterial hypertension [23], genotoxicity [24], central nervous system effects [25] and reproductive toxicity [26], such as deterioration in human semen quality even in moderate exposures. The latter study showed similar effect not only for lead, but for Cd as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to metals and other elements in the tractor production

Vinnikov

Semizhon²,

Rybina³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundExposure to metals via air sampling in workplace has been extensively studied; however, the magnitude of individual exposure in various occupational groups may vary dramatically. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to ascertain exposure to selected metals from metal fumes in a series of typical workplaces of contemporary tractor production.MethodsNinety-eight (median age 41 (interquartile range (IQR) 23) years, all men) workers from Minsk Tractor Plant were categorized into four groups, including assembly shop workers (group 1); thermal shop staff (group 2); steelmakers (group 3) and welders (group 4). Hair samples (0.25 g) of each worker were tested for Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Fe, Zn, Al, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd using atomic emission spectrophotometry. We then tested between-group differences of log-transformed element concentrations using analysis of variance, followed by logistic regression to determine the odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) of high exposure for four selected groups.ResultsThe median work duration in workers was 6 (IQR 15) years, more in group 1 (10 (IQR 23)). Eight out of 12 included elements yielded significant between-group differences, including Mg, P, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni and Cd. Steelmakers had higher Mn hair concentrations (F-ratio 10.41, p<0.001); whereas Fe (F-ratio 12.48, p<0.001), P (F-ratio 12.68, p<0.001), Zn (F-ratio 6.07, p<0.001) and Cr (F-ratio 20.54, p<0.001) were higher in welders. OR of high exposure to Mg in group 3 was 10.00 (95% CI 1.14–87.52), whereas the OR of high exposure to P in group 4 was 18.64 (95% CI 2.22–156.85) compared to group 1.ConclusionsIn the modern full-cycle tractor production, welders may have higher exposure to Fe, P, Zn and Cr, as opposed to steelmakers with higher Mn hair concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to metals and other elements in the tractor production

Vinnikov

Semizhon²,

Rybina³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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“…The occupationally exposed subjects, consisting of automobile mechanics, generator mechanics, petrol dispensing attendants in filling stations, artisanal gold-miners, battery chargers and spray painters, volunteered to participate in this study. These occupations are among those likely to expose individuals to lead toxicity [2][5]. Workers on part-time duties and those who spent less than six months on the job were excluded from this study.…”

Section: Study Design and Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lead is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that has been detected in almost all phases of biological systems [1] [2]. Even trace amounts of lead are harmful to humans and other organisms as they induce a broad range of physiological, biochemical and behavioral dysfunctions in many parts of the body, including the central and peripheral nervous systems, hematopoietic system, cardiovascular system, kidneys, liver and reproductive systems [2][3] [27]. As a result, a safe level of lead exposure has not yet been defined [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of lead in occupationally exposed persons in Gurara and Suleja areas, Niger State, Nigeria

SANI¹,

JAMILU²

2022

GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci.

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Human exposure to lead could pose serious health challenges, especially among occupationally-exposed workers. Though several toxicological studies have been carried out on toxic lead exposure in humans regarding their levels, reactions and disease conditions; dearth data exists in terms of correlation of lead levels with their exposure markers and subsequent manifested disease conditions. This study therefore aims to investigate the association between lead exposure and specific biomarkers used in monitoring lead levels in some occupationally exposed individuals and comparing the values with non-exposed individuals. A total of 116 subjects (72 occupationally exposed and 44 non-exposed subjects) within the age range of 17– 50 years were studied in a cross-sectional study conducted between August 2021 and November 2021 in Gurara and Suleja areas, in Niger state, Nigeria. Blood lead levels, hepato-renal indices and hematological parameters were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and abacus 380 analyzer, respectively. The mean blood levels of lead were 26.8±5.4 μg/dL in occupationally-exposed subjects, while in non-exposed subject’s 3.7±2.1 μg/dL. The results showed that occupational exposure increases the blood level of lead, implicating hematological variables and elevating specific hepato-renal indices which consequently increase the health risk of occupationally exposed individuals. Therefore, taking note of other body burdens, the synergistic adoption of these indicative biomarker tests could be used to give an implicative assessment on lead exposure and toxicity.

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“…Egypt has one of the highest incidences of intrauterine growth retardation, and this appears to be positively correlated with heavy metal toxicity (El-Baz et al, 2015). Lead toxicity (sometimes in combination with high cadmium exposures) has been shown to be associated with renal function impairment (Alasia et al, 2010b). Occupationally lead-exposed subjects have been shown to have significantly higher blood lead levels, as well as serum urea, creatinine, and serum uric acid levels, and other renal biomarkers and markers of nephrotoxicity.…”

Section: Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Health Research in Africa: Important Progress and Promising Opportunities

Joubert

Mantooth²,

McAllister

2020

Front. Genet.

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The World Health Organization in 2016 estimated that over 20% of the global disease burden and deaths were attributed to modifiable environmental factors. However, data clearly characterizing the impact of environmental exposures and health endpoints in African populations is limited. To describe recent progress and identify important research gaps, we reviewed literature on environmental health research in African populations over the last decade, as well as research incorporating both genomic and environmental factors. We queried PubMed for peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, or books examining environmental exposures and health outcomes in human populations in Africa. Searches utilized medical subheading (MeSH) terms for environmental exposure categories listed in the March 2018 US National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, which includes chemicals with worldwide distributions. Our search strategy retrieved 540 relevant publications, with studies evaluating health impacts of ambient air pollution (n=105), indoor air pollution (n = 166), heavy metals (n = 130), pesticides (n = 95), dietary mold (n = 61), indoor mold (n = 9), per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs, n = 0), electronic waste (n = 9), environmental phenols (n = 4), flame retardants (n = 8), and phthalates (n = 3), where publications could belong to more than one exposure category. Only 23 publications characterized both environmental and genomic risk factors. Cardiovascular and respiratory health endpoints impacted by air pollution were comparable to observations in other countries. Air pollution exposures unique to Africa and some other resource limited settings were dust and specific occupational exposures. Literature describing harmful health effects of metals, pesticides, and dietary mold represented a context unique to Africa. Studies of exposures to phthalates, PFASs, phenols, and flame retardants were very limited. These results underscore the need for further focus on current and emerging environmental and chemical health risks as well as better integration of genomic and environmental factors in African research studies. Environmental exposures with distinct routes of exposure, unique co-exposures and co-morbidities, combined with the extensive genomic diversity in Africa may lead to the identification of novel mechanisms underlying complex disease and promising potential for translation to global public health.

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Occupational and Environmental Lead Exposure in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: Analysis of its association with renal function indices

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Occupational exposure to metals and other elements in the tractor production

Occupational exposure to metals and other elements in the tractor production

Biomarkers of lead in occupationally exposed persons in Gurara and Suleja areas, Niger State, Nigeria

Environmental Health Research in Africa: Important Progress and Promising Opportunities

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