Occupation and Lung Cancer Mortality in a Nationally Representative U.S. Cohort: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)

Lee, Dong Hoon; Fleming, Lora E.; LeBlanc, William G.; Arheart, Kristopher L.; Chung-Bridges, Katherine; Christ, Sharon L.; Caban, Alberto J.; Pitman, Terry

doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000225137.19863.4e

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A body of literature supports our findings (Aronson et al 2000;Bruske-Hohlfeld et al 2000;Chen et al 1995;Kreuzer et al 2000;Lee et al 2006;NIOSH 2003;Reger and Morgan 1993;Siemiatycki 1991). Exposure to dust (containing silica, inorganic acid mists, etc.)…”

Section: Mining and Metallurgical Worksupporting

confidence: 91%

“…They share some common exposures, including formaldehyde and medical radiation, both of which are associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (IARC 2000(IARC , 2006Siemiatycki et al 2004). Although there is evidence of protective or null effect (Aronson et al 2000;Blair, Walrath, and Rogot 1985;Bruske-Hohlfeld et al 2000;Burns and Swanson 1991;Jockel et al 1998;Lee et al 2006;NIOSH 2003;Zahm et al 1989), an elevated risk found in another Canadian study (Siemiatycki 1991) supports further investigation.…”

Section: Construction Workmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Industries and lung cancer: A population-based case-control study in British Columbia

Yenugadhati

Birkett

Momoli

et al. 2009

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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An investigation was conducted to identify high-risk industries for histological subtypes of lung cancer based on a large population-based case-control study in British Columbia, Canada. Occupational histories and information on smoking and relevant covariates were collected from 14,755 male incident cancer cases. Industrial risk factors for 2998 lung cancer cases, including histological subtypes were assessed by logistic regression using other cancer cases, excluding smokingrelated cancers, as controls. An excess risk of lung cancer was found among workers in mining, metal manufacturing, and electric power systems for all histological-subtypes, and construction, water transport, health services for specific histological subtypes. Industrial associations that are unique to histological subtypes of lung cancer were identified. Future research needs to focus on confirming these histological associations, and identifying the risk from key exposures found within these industries (e.g. medical radiation, electromagnetic fields, and cooking fumes).

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Section: Mining and Metallurgical Worksupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Construction Workmentioning

confidence: 82%

Industries and lung cancer: A population-based case-control study in British Columbia

Yenugadhati

Birkett

Momoli

et al. 2009

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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“…Epidemiological studies on populations exposed to PAH mixtures have shown a link between these exposures, and cancers of the lung, respiratory system, and stomach (Bertrand et al, 1987;Puisieux et al, 1991;Krewski and Thomas, 1992;Vyskocil et al, 2004). Smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) have been shown to be associated with cancer in the lung, bronchus, larynx, bladder, cervix, and oral mucosa (Phillips, 1997;Lee et al, 2006;Yach and Wipfli, 2006). PAH exposure levels are classically estimated by air sampling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of exposure to combustion by-products in a human population in Shanxi, China

Naufal

Zhu

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Emissions of complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other compounds into the environment represent a potential threat to the health of humans. Information regarding the dose and duration of exposure is essential to determine the degree of risk and to identify sensitive receptors within a population. Although measurements of chemical concentrations in air may be used to estimate exposures, internal biomarkers provide more accurate information regarding the dose of exposure and retention of toxic chemicals. This study was conducted in a population in rural China exposed to PAHs from a variety of sources. The study population was located in an area known to have an elevated incidence of birth defects. Parents of children born with a neural tube defect (NTD) were recruited as case participants and parents of children born with no visible birth defect were recruited as controls. The study was designed to test the hypothesis that parents of children born with a NTD would exhibit a biomarker of exposure at higher levels than the parents of a child with no visible birth defect. A total of 35 mothers and 32 fathers were recruited as case participants, and 18 mothers and 19 fathers were recruited as control participants. Venous blood was collected from the study participants by hospital staff as soon as possible following the birth of the child. PAHs were isolated from the whole blood by solvent extraction and DNA was isolated from a separate aliquot of blood for 32 Ppostlabeling to measure bulky adducts. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in phase II enzymes were also monitored in an attempt to identify sensitive receptors. Both total and carcinogenic PAH (cPAH) concentrations were elevated in the parents of case children. Both values were elevated significantly in mothers, whereas only cPAH concentrations were elevated significantly in fathers. Levels of DNA adducts were highly variable and displayed a reverse pattern to that of PAH levels in blood. None of the polymorphisms evaluated were correlated with PAH levels or DNA adducts. For mothers, whose total PAH concentration was above the median concentration, the age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for having a child with a NTD was 8.7. Although this suggests that PAHs may be a contributing factor to the risk of NTDs, the lack of a correlation with DNA adducts would suggest a possible non-genotoxic mechanism. Alternatively, the PAHs may be a surrogate for a different exposure that is more directly related to the birth defects. The results have shown that blood levels of PAHs may be used to identify populations exposed to elevated concentrations of combustion by-products.

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“…In this regard environmental tobacco exposure has now become an important labor issue, and the promotion of smoke-free surroundings comprises an essential component of any healthy and safe modern workplace 11) . While tobacco use remains the single most preventable cause of lung cancer 12) , contemporary reductions in lung cancer rates appear to have been preceded by a reduction in community smoking habits during the latter half of last century 13) . Quitting clearly offers major benefits for smokers, with Doll and colleagues 14) showing that British physicians who quit by age 50 were able to reduce their smoking-related hazard by almost half.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Smoking by Occupation in Australia and the United States: A Review of National Surveys Conducted between 1970 and 2005

Smith

2008

Ind Health

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Tobacco use represents a key issue in workplace health, and much can be learned from countries where occupational smoking data has been regularly collected on a national basis. This article reviews national smoking surveys previously conducted in Australia and the United States between 1970 and 2005, and examines their relevance to the field of occupational tobacco control. When the first preliminary research was undertaken over 35 years ago, tobacco smoking was a regular feature in the general population of both countries, albeit with higher rates often documented among blue collar workers. Recent national investigations however, suggest that certain historical differences in smoking prevalence rates by occupation are persisting as we enter the 21st century. Detailed examination also indicates that employee sub-groups, such as cleaners and construction workers, are now bearing much of the occupational smoking burden in Australia and the United States. As such, there is an urgent need for more aggressive and finely targeted tobacco control activities in the workplace, as well as increased cooperation between tobacco control organizations, labor unions and other stakeholders, so that they may more effectively combat this ongoing threat to workers' health.Key words: Smoking, Occupation, Tobacco, Australia, United States, Survey, Epidemiology decrease absenteeism and increase productivity among staff 17) .Even so, one of the major historical conundrums in occupational tobacco control is the fact that smoking rates are not evenly distributed across all job categories 18) . Indeed, during recent years, growing disparities in tobacco consumption have become increasingly apparent across many occupational subgroups 19) . Although community smoking rates are declining in many countries, certain occupational groups, such as blue-collar workers, still continue to use tobacco at high rates when compared to their white collar counterparts 19) . Unfortunately, many of the impressive reductions in community smoking rates achieved last century have largely bypassed the blue collar workforce. Given the fact that the workplace represents an ideal location for anti-smoking programs among staff [15][16][17] , occupational smoking studies have an important role in identifying exactly which workplaces would most benefit from tobacco control interventions. In order to most effectively distribute and target preventive health care efforts at a national level therefore, accurate and upto-date information on national tobacco smoking rates by job category are essential.From an epidemiological perspective, there is also the critical issue of statistical confounding in occupational mortality studies, given the fact that tobacco plays such a major role in the development of many chronic workplace diseases. Smoking and occupation are known to be substantially confounded 20,21) , and a lack of accurate data may lead to biased assessments of the relationship between disease and occupational exposures 22) , particularly when the occupat...

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Occupation and Lung Cancer Mortality in a Nationally Representative U.S. Cohort: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)

Abstract: Although tobacco use continues to be the single most important risk factor for lung cancer mortality, occupational exposure to lung carcinogens should be targeted as well to further reduce the burden of lung cancer.

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Industries and lung cancer: A population-based case-control study in British Columbia

Industries and lung cancer: A population-based case-control study in British Columbia

Biomarkers of exposure to combustion by-products in a human population in Shanxi, China

Tobacco Smoking by Occupation in Australia and the United States: A Review of National Surveys Conducted between 1970 and 2005

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