Occupation and bladder cancer in a hospital-based case–control study in Spain

Abstract

Objectives: We investigated the association between occupation and bladder cancer in a hospital-based casecontrol study conducted in Spain. Methods: 1219 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and 1271 controls selected from 18 hospitals in Spain between June 1998 and September 2000 provided detailed information on life-time occupational history, smoking habits, medical history, and other factors. We used unconditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each occupation and industry, adjusting for age, hospital region, smoking duration, and employment in a high-risk occupation for bladder cancer. Results: Statistically significant increased risks were observed among men employed as machine operators in the printing industry (OR 5.4; 95% CI 1.6 to 17.7), among men employed in the transportation equipment industry (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.6) and among those who had worked for >10 years in the electrical/gas/sanitary services (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.5 to 10.4) and in hotels and other lodgings (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 7.3). Men who worked as miscellaneous mechanics and repairers (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.6) and as supervisors in production occupations (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.6) also had excess risks for bladder cancer. Male farmers and those who worked in crop and livestock production had decreased risks for bladder cancer. We found no significant associations between occupation or industry and bladder cancer risk among women. Conclusions: We did not observe excess bladder cancer risk for many of the occupations identified as being a priori at high risk. Examination of more detailed job exposure information should help clarify these associations.Although more than 40 different occupations have been associated with an elevated risk of bladder cancer, the evidence for most occupations is unclear.

Association between the high risk occupations and bladder cancer in Iran: A case-control study

“…In the studies carried out in recent decades on the association between agricultural employment and the high risk of bladder cancer, the researchers have seldom found a significant statistical association. For example; the study conducted in 2007 by CM Samanic and his colleagues in Spain, found no association between these variables (OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.06-1.0) [24]. Similar studies found an association between this occupation and the reduced risk of bladder cancer as a result of low prevalence of smoking cigarette, proper diet, and high physical activity.…”

A single nucleotide polymorphism in BCL-2 gene determines the risk of urinary bladder cancer

“…The odds ratios were calculated without adjustment for potential confounders, i.e., sex, area, job status, smoking, alcohol consumption and diet. Based on previous studies, occupations related to auto mechanics (Manju et al, 2009), agricultural production, livestock and animal specialities; electrical assembly, installation and repair; and health services (Cassidy et al, 2009); printing industry, transportation equipment industry, electrical/gas/sanitary services (Samanic et al, 2008); were altogether taken under the category of high-risk occupations and the rest under low-risk occupations.…”

Risk of Alcohol Consumption in Bladder Cancer: Case-Control Study from a Nationwide Inpatient Database in Japan

“…Urothelial carcinoma in ICD-O-3 was defined in accordance with our previous study (Zaitsu et al 2015). Controls were patients with no history of the following tobacco-or alcohol-related diseases: all cancers (C00 to 97 in ICD-10, 140 to 208 in ICD-9), all cardiovascular diseases (I01 to I99 in ICD-10, 390 to 459 in ICD-9), all respiratory diseases (J00 to 99 in ICD-10, 460 to 519 in ICD-9), and all digestive diseases (K00 to K93 in ICD-10, 520 to 579 in ICD-9) (Katanoda et al 2008;Samanic et al 2008). The control patients had other diseases such as infectious disease or musculoskeletal system disease, except the tobacco-or alcohol-related diseases listed above.…”

“…From the thousands of detailed JSIC and JSOC classifications, we considered the following to be high-risk for bladder cancer: print-ing and related workers; electrical, natural gas, and heating and air conditioning workers; sanitation workers; hotel service employees; heavy manufacturing; and skilled tradesmen (Malker et al 1987;Samanic et al 2008). We then assumed that patients were at a higher risk for bladder cancer if one of their jobs was high-risk, without considering the duration.…”

“…In addition to the established risk factors for bladder cancer of smoking and high-risk jobs (such as printing, manufacturing, and trade workers) (Malker et al 1987;Samanic et al 2008;Freedman et al 2011), a more recent focus has been on the risk imparted by alcohol consumption. The components of alcoholic beverages and their metabolic products are voided through the urinary tract.…”