Occupant control patterns of low temperature air-to-air heat pumps in Chinese rural households based on field measurements

Ma, Rongjiang; Mao, Chongyang; Shan, Ming; Liao, Zaiyi; Yang, Xudong

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.08.049

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the context of the clean energy heating action in China, to meet the personal heating demands of different rooms and members of the rural households could lead to a win–win situation (maintaining personalized thermal comfort while saving heating energy). As a direct outcome, and combining with our previous research experiences [ 3 , 4 , 12 , 38 , 39 ], individual equipment to heat rooms individually and separately, rather than the conventional centralized-heating that is difficult to control individual demands could be suggested. This proposal has been well implemented in China rural households, where millions of individual room-based air source heat pumps have been utilized in the past three years [ 2 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In these 6 households, conventional coal-burning stoves connected with circulating water radiators were used for space heating. During the coldest period, when coal-burning stoves supplied insufficient heat, some households also used split-type low temperature air-to-air heat pumps [ 3 ] for supplementary heating.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this process, there is a lack of clear basis for indoor comfort design parameters for heating in rural areas [ 2 ]. Our research team has carried out a series of related work, including understanding the different heating behaviors and actual heating demands of rural residents from the perspective of heating equipment [ 3 ] and different functional rooms [ 4 ]. Building on these studies, it is a worthwhile endeavor to further investigate the issue from the perspective of residents, by continuously monitoring the thermal environment they experienced, in the hope of seeking out the personal factors that lead to different heating demands on the one hand, and on the other hand, to find out the residents’ personal uncomfortable experiences and to help them reduce these experiences at a later stage by, for example, enhancing heating or minimizing overheating during the corresponding experience periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Measurement of Personal Experienced Temperature Variations in Rural Households Using Wearable Monitors: A Pilot Study

Deng

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The time-varying data of air temperatures experienced by people in their daily lives is an important basis for studying human thermal sensation, adaptation, comfort, and health. It is also very important for designing targeted strategies to help people reduce uncomfortable experience. In this study, a small (98 mm × 49 mm × 25 mm), lightweight (~100 g), and portable temperature logger with a wide measurement range (−40 to 100 °C) and appropriate accuracy (±0.3 °C precision) was combined with a phone holder that was adapted as an armband sleeve to constitute a wearable monitor. Fourteen monitors were worn by 14 residents in 6 different households in rural Beijing, China, to monitor their personal thermal environment. In the context of having very similar living habits in winter and coping strategies for thermal discomfort, the temperatures that 14 residents experienced exhibited wide ranges and large variations during the two-day test period. The highest and lowest temperatures experienced by residents reached 30.6 and −16.6 °C, respectively. This paper provided new data and evidences about various temperatures experienced by residents, even though they were from the same family and lived together for decades. In terms of methodology, as an exploration, the present study indicated that using personal wearable monitors is a viable method to capture the real experienced thermal environment, which extended the method for collecting data regarding complex experiences in different environments to aid the study of human responses to the real-world thermal environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Measurement of Personal Experienced Temperature Variations in Rural Households Using Wearable Monitors: A Pilot Study

Deng

et al. 2020

IJERPH

Self Cite

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“…China are dominated by central heating (Chen et al 2014); as rural buildings are more scattered, however, central heating systems are not suitable in rural areas (Ma et al 2017). Therefore, it is crucial to find a heating method that is suitable for the rural areas of northern China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an evaluation method on using electric heating in cold rural areas of China

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Responding to the national “double carbon” policy, rural areas in China are upgrading their heating methods. Since rural areas are more dispersed than urban areas, centralized heating is not easy to use. Therefore, electric heating has become one of the major solutions. However, relevant studies on electric heating usage in rural areas are limited. In this study, therefore, research methods including literature review, questionnaire, and expert consultation have been adopted, to decide relevant indicators reflecting the suitability of using electric heating in cold rural areas in China. Then, both expert questionnaire and analytic hierarchy process were used to decide the weight of these indicators, with a hybrid model established based on the gray whitening weight clustering method. Finally, a case village was selected to validate the performance of the model, with 20 households involved. The main results from this study include: 1) the primary indicators were technology, economy, comfort, safety, aesthetic portability, and environmental protection; 2) the weights of these indicators were 0.1617, 0.3158, 0.2337, 0.1846, 0.0516, and 0.0525; 3) the evaluation result for the case village was ‘suitable’, which was consistent with the villagers' actual subjective evaluation results. The evaluation method developed in this study can effectively reflect the actual needs of people living in cold rural areas of China and can help to achieve low-carbon heating in rural areas.

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“…In order to improve the low-temperature adaptability of the ASHP, domestic and foreign scholars and enterprises have carried out many related technology research and development, launched a variety of ASHP solution under low temperature, and conducted related testing experiments [10][11][12][13][14]. For example, Deng et al [15] conducted a comparison test of the heating performance between the single-stage compression and double-stage enthalpy-adding compression rotor-type low-temperature ASHP units, which showed that the COP of the double-stage compression low-temperature unit was about 22% -40% higher than the other type; Hakkaiki-Fard et al [16] studied the replacement of the working medium of the heat pump, and used the azeotropic refrigerant mixture to improve the performance of the ASHP in cold regions; Ma et al [17] performed the heating experiments in rural houses in Beijing using the ASHP of two-stage enthalpy-adding compression rotor type and hot air type under low temperature; the results showed that the ASHP can operate normally under the outdoor temperature conditions in winter in Beijing and create a suitable room temperature. Thus, there have been a lot of valuable research results about the heat supply of lowtemperature AHSP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Study on Winter Heating Performance of the Air Source Heat Pump System in Cold Regions

Xu¹,

Chen²,

Hong-xi³

et al. 2020

IJHT

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This paper aims to study the winter heating performance of the air source heat pump (ASHP) system in cold regions. To this end, a winter operation performance test platform of the ASHP was built in an office building of a university in Zhangjiakou area. In the heating season of 2017-2018, the field test on performance parameters such as heating capacity and power consumption of the ASHP system were conducted. The results showed that the ASHP system used in the test can operate normally in extremely cold weather conditions in Zhangjiakou area; the indoor temperature during the ASHP operation meets the winter heating requirements; the coefficient of performance (COP) during the deep cold period was between 1.32 and 3.29; with the outdoor temperature reduced, the heat pump defrosting and oil return process is one of the main factors for energy consumption increase; when the outdoor temperature is high, 10-hour operating mode can save more power compared to the full-day operation; when the outdoor temperature is low, it does not necessarily save more. The research findings provide a valuable reference for the application and improvement of the ASHPs in cold regions.

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Occupant control patterns of low temperature air-to-air heat pumps in Chinese rural households based on field measurements

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Measurement of Personal Experienced Temperature Variations in Rural Households Using Wearable Monitors: A Pilot Study

Measurement of Personal Experienced Temperature Variations in Rural Households Using Wearable Monitors: A Pilot Study

Development of an evaluation method on using electric heating in cold rural areas of China

Field Study on Winter Heating Performance of the Air Source Heat Pump System in Cold Regions

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