Occupancy-driven energy management for smart building automation

Agarwal, Yuvraj; Balaji, Bharathan; Gupta, Rajesh K.; Lyles, Jacob; Wei, Michael C.; Weng, Thomas

doi:10.1145/1878431.1878433

Cited by 433 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Detection technologies typically include cameras [47], CO2 sensors [48], cellular phone control-channel traffic sensors [49], humidity sensors [50], infrared (IR) sensors [51], light sensors [52], motion sensors [53], radio frequency identification (RFID) [54], sound sensors [55], switch door sensors [56], telephone sensors [57], temperature sensors [50], ultra-wideband (UWB) [58], wireless sensor networks (WSN) [59], and Wi-Fi infrastructures [60]. These detection technologies can be divided to two main groups [61]: (1) precise technologies with incomplete coverage (e.g., cameras); and (2) imprecise technologies with full coverage (e.g., Wi-Fi infrastructures).…”

Section: Monitoring Occupant-specific Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, in addition to traditional software, traditional building management systems also have limitations with real-time inputs of occupancy-related dynamic factors, such as the number of occupants and their preferences, actions, and decisions [63]. This limitation is problematic since the inputs of real-time occupancy information can reduce HVAC and lighting energy consumption by up to 20 and 30 percent, respectively [56,66,67,75]. In response to these limitations in modeling occupants' energy-use behaviors, a number of studies have recently worked on various simulation techniques to attempt to overcome these particular limitations.…”

Section: Simulating Occupant Energy-consuming Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Approaches for Sensing, Understanding, and Improving Occupancy-Related Energy-Use Behaviors in Commercial Buildings

2015

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Abstract:Buildings currently account for 30-40 percent of total global energy consumption. In particular, commercial buildings are responsible for about 12 percent of global energy use and 21 percent of the United States' energy use, and the energy demand of this sector continues to grow faster than other sectors. This increasing rate therefore raises a critical concern about improving the energy performance of commercial buildings. Recently, researchers have investigated ways in which understanding and improving occupants' energy-consuming behaviors could function as a cost-effective approach to decreasing commercial buildings' energy demands. The objective of this paper is to present a detailed, up-to-date review of various algorithms, models, and techniques employed in the pursuit of understanding and improving occupants' energy-use behaviors in commercial buildings. Previous related studies are introduced and three main approaches are identified: (1) monitoring occupant-specific energy consumption; (2) Simulating occupant energy consumption behavior; and (3) improving occupant energy consumption behavior. The first approach employs intrusive and non-intrusive load-monitoring techniques to estimate the energy use of individual occupants. The second approach models diverse characteristics related to occupants' energy-consuming behaviors in order to assess and predict such characteristics' impacts on the energy performance of commercial buildings; this approach mostly utilizes agent-based modeling techniques to simulate actions and interactions between occupants and their built environment. The third approach employs occupancy-focused interventions to change OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 10997 occupants' energy-use characteristics. Based on the detailed review of each approach, critical issues and current gaps in knowledge in the existing literature are discussed, and directions for future research opportunities in this field are provided.

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Section: Monitoring Occupant-specific Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulating Occupant Energy-consuming Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Approaches for Sensing, Understanding, and Improving Occupancy-Related Energy-Use Behaviors in Commercial Buildings

2015

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“…For energy, there is a recent movement towards automated building controls to more efficiently manage building energy (e.g., Agarwal et al 2010, Klein et al 2012. From an overall building design point of view, improvements in the building envelope, e.g., window-to-wall ratios, insulation of the walls and roof, air tightness, and window characteristics, are most effective in reducing building energy use (Harvey 2009).…”

Section: Current Building Design At the Few Nexusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilient by design: the case for increasing resilience of buildings and their linked food-energy-water systems

Tien

2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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The resilience of buildings and food, energy, and water systems (FEWS) to natural or manmade disruptions are closely linked. The resilience of a building goes beyond the safety of its structural elements and must include the resilience of its supporting systems and the services they supply. The resilience of FEWS, in turn, can increase through design elements of a building that affect generation and storage of FEW resources. In this commentary, I discuss increasing the resilience of buildings and their linked FEWS-improving their resistance, absorption, restoration, and adaptive capacities-through new integrated systems design practices. I begin with a discussion of the current state of building design at the FEW nexus. I then use the prior establishment and current use of sustainability design objectives as an analogue to developing and implementing resilience design objectives. I review progress and limitations of specific drivers for increasing resilient design practices, including economic incentives, regulations, extralegal programs and initiatives, and societal incentives. My recommendations for leveraging these drivers to increase resilient design include: for economic incentives, quantify the costs and benefits to make the business case for resilience; for formal regulations, specify increased building requirements with performance-based resilience objectives; for extralegal initiatves, integrate these resilience objectives with existing certification programs and award designs that address FEWS as an integrated network rather than as disparate systems; and for societal incentives, demonstrate public benefit to shift societal perceptions of resilience. Together, these actions will motivate the design of more resilient building and FEW systems to increase their longevity, performance, and robustness. Keywords:Resilience; buildings; food-energy-water systems (FEWS); design objectives; integrated systems; performance-based design; design practices and incentives School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, US itien@ce.gatech.edu Introduction Food, energy, and water systems (FEWS) are essential for the functioning, safety, and security of society. They provide critical resources and services for the population of a community. They are also characterized by interconnections and interdependencies, which can both support the performance of these systems, e.g., if outputs from one system can be leveraged for use in multiple systems; or expose the systems to additional vulnerabilities, e.g., if failures in one system cascade into losses for connected systems.Buildings are also critical to daily life. We live the majority of our lives in buildings, with Americans spending on average 87% of their time in enclosed buildings (Klepeis et al. 2001). Buildings and FEWS are inextricably linked, particularly for energy and water systems. Buildings serve as the final distribution points for most municipal energy and water systems. Once energy and water resources are generated...

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“…avoid "soft" tiles). This then allows for accurate real-time occupancy mapping and occupancy driven smart building system control, which will lead to substantial energy savings (Agarwal et al 2010;Nguyen and Aiello 2013;Weng and Agarwal 2012). Most importantly, these savings are realized without using sensors which consume power themselves, as STEP Tech derives its energy from human motion.…”

Section: Outmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of the smart building, or a building that is aware of its occupancy and power consumption, can help in reducing the overall power draw of buildings (Nguyen and Aiello 2013). Specifically, significant improvements can be made in the highest power consuming building functions, such as HVAC and lighting, by controlling them in real-time based upon building occupancy information (Agarwal et al 2010;Weng and Agarwal 2012). However, the increased number of sensors necessary to realize the smart building concept can also lead to extra power draw and complexity in wiring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floor Tile Energy Harvester for Self-Powered Wireless Occupancy Sensing

Sharpes

Vučković

Priya

2015

Energy Harvesting and Systems

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We investigate a concept that can reduce the overall power requirement of a smart building through improvements in the real-time control of HVAC and indoor lighting based on the building occupancy. The increased number of embedded sensors necessary to realize the smart building concept results in a complex wiring and power structure. We demonstrate a floor tile energy harvester for creating a wireless and self-powered occupancy sensor. This sensor termed as "Smart Tile Energy Production Technology (STEP Tech)" can be used to control automation in smart buildings such as lighting and climate control based upon the real-time building occupancy mapping. The sensor comprises of piezoelectric transducer, energy harvesting circuit and wireless communication. Modeling and optimization procedure for the piezoelectric cymbal transducer is described within the framework of tiles. The design and selection of a packaging technique and construction of a durable floor tile enclosure aimed at protecting the bulk piezoceramic is discussed within the constraint that the deflection of the tile should be minimal such that it is not readily perceivable by humans, thus not disturbing their gait. Experimental results demonstrate that the piezoelectric tile could provide a promising solution for wireless occupancy sensing.

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Occupancy-driven energy management for smart building automation

Cited by 433 publications

References 11 publications

A Review of Approaches for Sensing, Understanding, and Improving Occupancy-Related Energy-Use Behaviors in Commercial Buildings

A Review of Approaches for Sensing, Understanding, and Improving Occupancy-Related Energy-Use Behaviors in Commercial Buildings

Resilient by design: the case for increasing resilience of buildings and their linked food-energy-water systems

Floor Tile Energy Harvester for Self-Powered Wireless Occupancy Sensing

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