Occult Primary

Practical Guidelines for the Surgical Treatment of Gallbladder Cancer

“…According to published treatment guidelines, it is recommended that patients undergo laparotomy if they are suspected of having GB cancer based on the preoperative work-up (2, 3). This is based on the rationale that GB cancer should be treated by surgical modalities, such as laparotomic cholecystectomy, hepatectomy for GB fossa, and lymph node dissection.…”

“…Although a few retrospective studies have been conducted in large series of patients with GB cancer, these have been limited in scope. Treatment guidelines for GB cancer have been published in peer-reviewed journals in countries outside of Korea, but these have been limited in their provision of established, evidence-based rationales for the most optimum surgical treatment of GB cancer (2, 3, 4). The Korean Association of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreas Surgery conducted a systematic review of the Korean and English literature to establish standard treatment guidelines for GB cancer and to improve treatment outcomes.…”

A Case of Gingival Metastasis from Rectal Cancer in Which Immunohistochemistry and PET-CT Were Useful for the Diagnostic Procedure

“…A CT should first be considered because it is widely available and well established in diagnosing and staging cancers, but its limited sensitivity at the initial workup stage has been pointed out [4]. Therefore, the NCCN Guidelines for the occult primary emphasize the importance of the detailed immunohistochemical interpretation of the biopsy samples and its use in conjunction with appropriate imaging studies [5]. …”

Cancer of Unknown Primary Sites: What Radiologists Need to Know and What Oncologists Want to Know

“…Cancer of unknown primary sites, (CUP) or occult primary tumors, is not rare, accounting for approximately 2% of all malignancies diagnosed in the United States in 2011 [1]—the seventh to eighth most frequently occurring cancer in the world [2, 3]. The estimate of new cases of CUP in the United States was 31,000 per year in 2012 [4], decreased from 45,230 per year in 1995 [5].…”

“…Modern technologies, including MDCT, MRI, PET, and immunohistochemistry have evolved over the past decade, enabling the identification of the primary site of disease in more patients, thereby facilitating site-specific therapy. A multidisciplinary integrated approach among oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists is extremely important and has been emphasized in recent guidelines of management of CUP [1, 2]. In this article, we review the overall diagnostic approach and the role of imaging, immunohistochemistry, serum tumor markers, and molecular profiling.…”