Occult metastasis

Hawes, Debra; Neville, A. Munro; Cote, R. J.

doi:10.1016/s0753-3322(01)00052-x

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Also, the distance from the tumor, which follows through the epicolic, paracolic, intermediate and principal lymph nodes, respectively, although different lymphatic pathways may exist suggesting the presence of important variables, including tumor invasion of lymphatic channels, changes in the lymphatic drainage pattern, or direct pressure of tumor bulk leading to drainage by alternative lymphatic channels effecting the transport of a single tumor cell via lymphatics (2). Our previous study detected non-continuous nodal metastasis toward the drainage of the lymphatic tract, which was hypothesized to be skip metastasis of colorectal cancer and the frequency of skip metastasis is ~6.5-10.5% (3,4). In the present case study, skip metastasis was confirmed even with the carcinoid, which is typically very slow growing and exhibits a low grade malignant potential.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

A case of rectal carcinoid, 7 mm in diameter, with skip metastasis to the lateral lymph node

Beppu

Niki

Kimura

et al. 2016

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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Abstract. The present case study presented a 59-year-old man with a 7 mm submucosal tumor in the lower rectum and swelling in a 7 mm lateral lymph node (the obturator lymph node). No swelling of the lymph nodes within the mesorectum was observed. The patient underwent laparoscopic intersphincteric resection with left side lateral lymphadenectomy. At the pathological examination, the patient was diagnosed with a rectal neuroendocrine tumor (Grade 1; carcinoid), which had invaded the perirectal tissues and exhibited lateral lymph node metastasis; however, mesorectal lymph node metastasis was not observed, therefore, the definitive diagnosis was rectal carcinoid with skip metastasis to the lateral lymph node. No sign of recurrence was observed at the 3 year follow-up. The treatment algorithm of rectal carcinoid was decided by the risk of lymph node metastasis. The present study confirmed skip metastasis to the lateral lymph node from the rectal carcinoid, which is typically very slow growing and has a low grade malignant potential. Case reportA 59-year-old man was referred to Meiwa Hospital (Hyogo, Japan) for a routine health examination and underwent a colonoscopy, which revealed a hemispheric submucosal tumor (7 mm in diameter) in the lower rectum, which was located 3 cm from the anal verge at the left side of the rectal wall (Fig. 1A). The lesion revealed no central depression or ulceration. The pathological diagnosis of the biopsy specimen was neuroendocrine tumor (NET). Additionally, signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome, including skin flushing, facial skin lesions and diarrhea were not observed. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) detected no liver or lung metastasis. The patient was further assessed by pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed swelling in a lateral lymph node located on the left side obturator lymph node (size, 7 mm) and the shape of the node had a clear border and uniform detection (Fig. 1B-D). The other lymph nodes, including the mesorectum lymph node, were not swollen. Laboratory data revealed no abnormal findings and serum tumor markers, including carbohydrate antigen 19.9, carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron-specific enolase and urine 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, were all negative. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with lateral lymph node metastasis.A laparoscopic intersphincteric resection (ISR) with left side lateral lymphadenectomy was performed, followed by J-pouch reconstruction without diverting stoma. Specifically, the central lymph node was dissected around the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) while preserving the IMA and left colic artery. In the pelvic space, a total mesorectal excision was performed up to the anal canal. A left side lateral lymphadenectomy was subsequently performed as follows: The ureter and hypogastric nerve were picked up with forceps, and the lymph nodes and fatty tissue were dissected from the bifurcation of the aorta extending to the common iliac area. The internal iliac vessels were subsequently cleared from the lymphatic tissu...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

A case of rectal carcinoid, 7 mm in diameter, with skip metastasis to the lateral lymph node

Beppu

Niki

Kimura

et al. 2016

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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“…This is often called lymph node micro metastasis. 6 To improve the detection of micrometastasis cancer or tumor-related precursor lesions remaining in histologically negative lymph node, molecular lymph node analysis was proposed and now it has been used to observe and predict local recurrence of cervical squamous cell carcinomas. In previous studies, the correlation between the prognosis and the expression of CK19 in histologically negative lymph node of cervical squamous cell carcinoma had been investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only 4 variables that remained statistically significant as independent predictors of the recurrence in the multivariate analysis were CK19 and SCCAg status in sentinel lymph node, FIGO staging, and cervical stroma infiltration depth. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval, P) of the CK19 status, SCCAg status, FIGO staging, and cervical stroma infiltration depth were 6 …”

Section: Multivariate Analysis Of Recurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Significance of Cytokeratin 19 and Squamous Cell Cancer Antigen in Histologically Negative Sentinel Lymph Nodes of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Ren

Zhou²,

Shu³

et al. 2016

Int J Gynecol Cancer

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“…The most significant limitation of immunohistochemistry is that it cannot provide accurate levels of tumor cell load within the blood. Flow cytometry alone cannot morphologically characterize the epithelial cells within a given blood sample, and requires further confirmation by immunohistochemistry [15, 26, 30]. This takes more time and results in higher reagent costs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Multiple mRNA Markers (PTTG1, Survivin, UbcH10 and TK1) in the Diagnosis of Taiwanese Patients with Breast Cancer by Membrane Array

Chen¹,

Chang

Chen³

et al. 2006

Oncology

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Objective: Early detection is a prerequisite to the effective reduction of morbidity and mortality from breast cancer. The present study intended to employ a high-throughput membrane array to detect a panel of mRNA markers expressed by circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of female patients with breast cancer. Methods: Peripheral blood was sampled from 92 breast cancer patients and 100 normal persons. CTCs were detected by using a membrane array technique. The markers used included the pituitary tumor transforming gene 1, survivin, UbcH10 and thymidine kinase 1. Results: The results showed that the membrane array could positively detect 5 cancer cells per 1 ml of peripheral blood in breast cancer cell dilution experiments. For the panel of 4 mRNA markers, sensitivity and specificity were elevated up to 86 and 88%, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that the patients’ clinicopathological characteristics tumor size (p = 0.006), histologic grade (p = 0.012), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.001) and TNM stage (p = 0.006) significantly correlated with the positive detection rate of the multimarker panel. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that our multimarker membrane array method could detect CTCs in the circulation of breast cancer patients with considerably high sensitivity and specificity.

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Occult metastasis

Cited by 20 publications

References 78 publications

A case of rectal carcinoid, 7 mm in diameter, with skip metastasis to the lateral lymph node

A case of rectal carcinoid, 7 mm in diameter, with skip metastasis to the lateral lymph node

Prognostic Significance of Cytokeratin 19 and Squamous Cell Cancer Antigen in Histologically Negative Sentinel Lymph Nodes of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Combination of Multiple mRNA Markers (PTTG1, Survivin, UbcH10 and TK1) in the Diagnosis of Taiwanese Patients with Breast Cancer by Membrane Array

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