Occult hepatitis B viral infection among blood donors in South–Eastern Nigeria

Nna, Emmanuel Okechukwu; Mbamalu, Chinenye; Ekejindu, Ifeoma Mercy

doi:10.1179/2047773214y.0000000144

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A similar study in South-Eastern Nigeria found 8.0% with HBV DNA among HBsAg negative blood donors. [71] Nigeria has multiple challenges of terrain and treasury, making an accurate evaluation of HBV carrier rates extremely difficult. The country is vast and diverse; with its semi-arid plains and plateau in the north, the highland and coastal plains in the south; the dispersion of much of its population among rural areas, and the perennial challenge of resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria, 2000-2013: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2015

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Vaccination against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the West African nation of Nigeria is lower than many Sub-Saharan African countries. In Nigeria, HBV is reported to be the most common cause of liver disease. However, the extent of HBV exposure among Nigerians at average risk is unknown. Our aim, therefore, was to accurately estimate the HBV prevalence for the country and the prevalence for specific subgroups. We used electronic databases to select systematic reviews and meta-analyses from 2000 to 2013. Forty-six studies were included (n = 34,376 persons). We used a random effects meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies to generate our estimates. The pooled prevalence of HBV in Nigeria was 13.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.5, 15.7%). The pooled prevalence (% [95% CI]) among subgroups was: 14.0% (11.7, 16.3) for blood donors; 14.1% (9.6, 18.6) for pregnant women attending antenatal clinics; 11.5% (6.0, 17.0) for children; 14.0% (11.6, 16.5) among adults; and 16.0% (11.1, 20.9) for studies evaluating adults and children. HBV prevalence in Nigeria varied by screening method [% (95% CI)]: 12.3% (10.1, 14.4) by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; 17.5% (12.4, 22.7) by immunochromatography; and 13.6% (11.5, 15.7) by HBV DNA polymerase chain reaction. HBV infection is hyperendemic in Nigeria and may be the highest in Sub-Sahara Africa. Our results suggest that large numbers of pregnant women and children were exposed to HBV from 2000 to 2013. Increased efforts to prevent new HBV infections are urgently needed in Nigeria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria, 2000-2013: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2015

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“…In Africa, the prevalence of HBsAg is 8-20% and that of the markers of exposure to HBV (anti-HBc with or without anti-HBs) is 70-95% [23]. Studies of OBIs in sub-Saharan countries have mainly focused on particular groups of subjects such as HIV-positive patients, among whom their prevalence is 10-23% [24][25][26][27][28][29] or blood donors, who are characterised by a prevalence of 0.5-17% [30][31][32][33] but there are very few studies of pregnant women [31,34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occult HBV Infection in Pregnant Women in Northern Benin

De¹,

Ceriani²,

Cerulli³

et al. 2019

Int J Virol AIDS

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Background and methods: Occult infections (OBIs) due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) are identified by the presence of HBV DNA without surface antigen (HBsAg). The population prevalence of HBsAg is high in Benin, but there are no data concerning the presence of OBIs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of OBIs using samples taken from 220 pregnant Beninese women for the purposes of a previous study of the prevalence of HBV markers. Twenty-four women were HBsAg positive (group I); of the 196 HBsAg negative women, 164 had other HBV markers (group II) and 32 had no HBV marker at all (group III). Results: Forty-seven (24.0%) of the HBsAg-negative samples were positive for HBV DNA of which 46 (97.9%) in group II (seropositive OBIs) and 1 (2.1%) in group III (seronegative OBIs). About half of the women in groups II had viremia levels of < 20 IU/mL; the mean viremia levels in the remaining samples were 188.7 IU/mL in group II, although some of the women with OBIs had levels of as high as 1187 IU/mL. Conclusion: The high prevalence of OBIs increases the number of potentially infected subjects in this area in comparison with the findings of tests based on the determination of HBsAg alone, which significant clinical and management implications for both vertical and horizontal transmission.

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“…4 Reported rates of donor occult HBV infection range from 10.6% to 17% in Nigeria. 32,44 From 2000 to 2011, regional decreases in HCV prevalence were observed. Nonetheless, 14 of 29 African countries reported an increase in donor HCV prevalence, despite dedicated donor selection and educational efforts.…”

Section: Hepatitis Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood transfusion safety in sub‐Saharan Africa: A literature review of changes and challenges in the 21st century

Weimer

Tagny

Tapko³

et al. 2018

Transfusion

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BACKGROUND Access to a safe, adequate blood supply has proven challenging in sub‐Saharan Africa, where systemic deficiencies spanning policy, collections, testing, and posttransfusion surveillance have long been recognized. Progress in transfusion safety in the early 2000s was in large part due to intervention by the World Health Organization and other foreign governmental bodies, coupled with an influx of external funding. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A review of the literature was conducted to identify articles pertaining to blood safety in sub‐Saharan Africa from January 2009 to March 2018. The search was directed toward addressing the major elements of the blood safety chain, in the countries comprising the World Health Organization African region. Of 1380 articles, 531 met inclusion criteria and 136 articles were reviewed. RESULTS External support has been associated with increased recruitment of voluntary donors and expanded testing for the major transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs). However, the rates of TTIs among donors remain high. Regional education and training initiatives have been implemented, and a tiered accreditation process has been adopted. However, a general decline in funding for transfusion safety (2009 onwards) has strained the ability to maintain or improve transfusion‐related services. Critical areas of need include data collection and dissemination, epidemiological surveillance for TTIs, donor recruitment, quality assurance and oversight (notably laboratory testing), and hemovigilance. CONCLUSION Diminishing external support has been challenging for regional transfusion services. Critical areas of deficiency in regional blood transfusion safety remain. Nonetheless, substantive gains in education, training, and accreditation suggest durable gains in regional capacity.

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Occult hepatitis B viral infection among blood donors in South–Eastern Nigeria

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria, 2000-2013: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria, 2000-2013: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Occult HBV Infection in Pregnant Women in Northern Benin

Blood transfusion safety in sub‐Saharan Africa: A literature review of changes and challenges in the 21st century

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