Occult Breast Carcinomas Detected By Xeroradiography

Malone, Lawrence J.; Frankl, Gloria; Dorazio, Richard A.; Winkley, John H.

doi:10.1097/00000658-197502000-00001

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The definition of occult cancer also seems to vary according to the observer. Some experienced physicians would consider an indefinite thickening as a positive clinical finding while others consider an occult lesion as one unassociated with a clearcut palpable mass [8]. When the mammographic findings are known, the clinical examination can become more specific.…”

Section: Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The surgeon's problem with breast cancer screening programs

Snyder

1977

World j. surg.

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Any decision to biopsy a breast on the basis of findings discovered in a screening program must carefully consider the expertise of the clinical examination, the technical quality of the mammograms, and the skill and experience of the radiologist reading them. A positive clinical examination with or without mammographic confirmation is indication for biopsy. However, the surgeon must sometimes be governed solely by the report of the radiologist. On the basis of competent mammographic interpretation, patients without clinical evidence of disease face at least a 25% chance of having cancer. The area of concern must be carefully localized preoperatively and the specimen radiographed, particularly if it contains calcifications. This requires a clear understanding of the problem and complete cooperation between the surgeon, the radiologist, and the pathologist.

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Section: Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The surgeon's problem with breast cancer screening programs

Snyder

1977

World j. surg.

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“…Up to 45 percent of nonpalpable breast cancers are only detected on X-ray mammograms as a cluster of small calcifications [1], [3], [9]. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound Imaging and Identification of Microcalcification Clusters by Correlation of Scatter from Multiple Angles

Perez‐Mendez¹,

Wiedenbeck²,

Davis³

et al. 1984

IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging

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• (Murphy and DeSchryver-Kecskemti 1978). These clusters may contain as few as 5 or 6 grains Or, in some cases, many tens of grains. The clusters may vary from spherical distributions ofabout 1 cm in diameter to elongated' distributIons spread out over several centimeters; The correlation between the existence Of micro c alc ific ation clusters and some forms of' carcinoma is believed to he greater than 80%.• Up to 45% of non-palpable breast cancers are only detected On x-ray 2 mammograms as a cluster of small calcifications (Wolfe 1974, Malone etal. 1975, Feig et al. 1977. Figure 1 shows an x-ray photograph of a typical microcalcification cluster. Since the patient receives radiation during mammography, it is useful to consider non-ionizing techniques such as ultrasound to determine whether these calcifications could be detected and their spatial distributions mapped out.. It is assumed that the ultrasonic approach does not contribute any known hazard to the patient and could be used as aroutine screen- We have conducted a series of experiments investigating how ultrasound scatters from small particles and used the results to design an ultrasound scheme which can uniquely identify these particles. EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTSThe prototype ultrasound equipment that we used for most of this work consisted of a pulsed emitter transducer operating ata mean frequency of 2.25MHz which was also used as a receiver. The transducer was mounted so that it could easily be rotated through the arc of a circle in order to view the targets from different angles but in the sameplane. The target was mounted on a movable platform whose position could be varied over a few centimeters in the x, y, and z directions. Such an arrangement allows a three dimensional scan of the cluster region to be made.In order to distinguish ultrasound scattering from granular calcifications and from the tissue reflection, we used the criterion that the signal should be detectable at approximately equal intensity from more than one transducer position. This is possible since the scattering of sound by particles whose mean diameter is comparable to the wavelength of sound extends over a 27r scattering angle and, in general, has an appreciable intensity over the range of angles usedhere (Hueter and Bolt 1955). Since the scattered intensity for a given angle, 0, of the transducers is independent of azimuthal angle, transducers imaging the same plane at different angles should detect comparably sized signals, modified only by the different tissue absorption, depending on the particular path from transducer to scatterer.This approach is quite successful as can be seen from the scatter amplitude measurements shown in Figure 3. In this experiment, a 0.5 mm Cu wire and a 0.5 mm CaCO3 grain were mounted on a plastic slab 6 mm thick. Since the wire was attached to the slab by its ends, a few millimeters of space existed between the wire and the slab which was sufficient to resolve the wire signal from the slab signal when the slab was perpendicular to the beam. ...

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“…Published reports show that 9% to 42% of those nonpalpable lesions are cancerous with nodal metastases varying from 0% to 38%. 2,3,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Nonpalpable lesions have challenged the surgeon. Attempted removal without localization often leads to the removal of a large amount of breast tissue and a deformed breast.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hooked-wire-directed breast biopsy and overpenetrated mammography

Silverstein¹,

Gamagami²,

Rosser³

et al. 1987

Cancer

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Six hundred fifty-three biopsies were performed for clinically occult, mammographically detected breast abnormalities. One hundred forty-seven cancers (22.5%) were found. Eighty-nine of those cancers (60.5%) were noninvasive. None of the in situ lesions had involved axillary lymph nodes. Of the 58 invasive cancers, only six (10.3%) had metastases to axillary nodes. Fifty-four patients (36.7%) were treated by mastectomy while 93 patients (63.3%) were treated conservatively, 20 by biopsy only, and 73 by lumpectomy, axillary node dissection, and radiation therapy. Only four patients (0.7%) had significant complications.

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Occult Breast Carcinomas Detected By Xeroradiography

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

The surgeon's problem with breast cancer screening programs

The surgeon's problem with breast cancer screening programs

Ultrasound Imaging and Identification of Microcalcification Clusters by Correlation of Scatter from Multiple Angles

Hooked-wire-directed breast biopsy and overpenetrated mammography

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