Occlusion of the Carotid Circulation

Ocular Manifestations of Insufficiency or Thrombosis of the Internal Carotid Artery*

“…The mechanism of production of the retinopathy is unknown. Howvever, the finding in this series of a much lower retinal artery pressure in the eye containing the retinopathy among 14 of the 15 patients strongly suggests that the cotton-wool patches are in fact ischemic infarcts in the nerve fiber layer of the retina produced bv hypotension.…”

“…Fisher (13) found the commonest site of atherosclerotic occlusion to be within the carotid sinus. Berry and Alpers (14) stated that the gross pathologic alterations seemed to be located predominantly in the distribution of the middle cerebral artery. Three theories as to the origin of the attacks (16) of intermittent insufficiency in the carotid system are as follows: (i) vasospasm, (ii) flucttuations in blood pressure, and (iii) embolism.…”

“…In a later paper (13), he reported 45 cases found at necropsy during a 2-year period. Berry and Alpers (14) reviewed 21 necropsy specimens. The important contributions of Millikan and Siekert (15) and of Millikan, Siekert, and Shick (16) emphasized the necessity of recognizing the earliest signs of impending tlhrombosis before actual infarction had taken place in the brain.…”

Dysphoric disorders in epilepsy

“…В по-давляющем большинстве случаев злокачественного течения МИИ на 2-3-и сутки от начала заболева-ния происходит нарастающее снижение уровня бодрствования, отмечаются появление двусторон-ней пирамидной симптоматики, анизокории, нару-шаются функции дыхания и кровообращения. Еще до внедрения в клиническую медицину компьютер-ной томографии (КТ) многочисленные аутопсий-ные исследования показали, что дислокационный синдром (ДС) является основной причиной смерти у больных с МИИ [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Cerebrovascular incidents after myocardial infarction.

“…In a series of cases of occlusion of the internal carotid artery 20% were caused by emboli from the heart (Berry and Alpers, 1957); in another series 45% of cerebral infarctions were similarly caused (Blackwood et al, 1969). In a monumental study of 994 consecutive necropsies comprising 40% of deaths in Oslo over a six month period, 47% of occlusions of cerebral vessels and 46% of cerebral infarcts without verified occlusions were judged to be embolic, the majority coming from the heart Jorgensen, 1964, 1966;Torvik, 1966, 1969).…”