Occlusal Traits of Primary Dentition among Pre-School Children of Mehsana District, North Gujarat, India

Abstract

Introduction: Aesthetic and functional problems in the dentofacial complex among children are often attributed to the disturbances in the dentofacial growth and development. This can be recognized during routine dental visits. This study pursued to assess the occlusion of the primary dentition in three to five-year-old children. Aim:To study the occlusal traits of the primary dentition in a group of three to five-year-old North Gujarat children of Mehsana district and the variation in their occlusion relative to age and gender in the same group. Materials and Methods:The study was a cross-sectional survey based on clinical examination and photographic evaluation of the primary dentition, 383 preschool children aged three to five years who were randomly selected from preschools in Mehsana district, Gujarat, India, using a multistage sampling technique. The study group was evaluated for the several occlusal parameters that include primary molar relation based on Baume classification and canine relation, overjet, overbite were assessed using Foster and Hamilton criteria. Chi-square test was performed to carry out statistical analysis. The p-value<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results:Out of 383 participants, 55.35% had flush terminal plane; 43.34% mesial step molar relationship and 1.31% distal step molar relationship, 63.2% had straight profile, 95.8% had Class I canine relationship, 71.3% primate spaces, 56.7% physiologic spaces. Flush terminal plane was common at three years while, mesial step at four to five years, and Class I canine relationship was prevalent in both age groups. Flush terminal plane was more common in female participants than the males. Amongst other occlusal characteristics, increased overbite and open bite were prevalent. Conclusion

Occlusal Traits of Primary Dentition among Children Visiting a Dental Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

“…8 Similar finding was also noted in several studies. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Considering canine relation, class I canine relationship was present in (83.0% for left canines, and 84.0% for right canines), followed by class II (11.0% for left canines, and 9.0% for right canines) and class III (7.0% for left canines, and 6% for right canines). One of the study done in Wardha District of India, had also concluded that among the canine relation, Class I (47.2%) showed highest value followed by Class II (42.8%) and Class III (9.9%).…”

An evaluation of occlusal relationship and primate space in deciduous dentition in Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India

“…The result is in concurrence with other similar studies. [ 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ] However, some of other studies have also shown increased mesial step prevalence. [ 1 16 17 18 19 ] Flush terminal plane relationship has been found to decrease at the age of 5 years,[ 20 ] but this was not observed in the present study.…”

Pooled prevalence estimates of malocclusion among Indian children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Less than ten percent children had distal step relationship and asymmetric molar relationship. Out of the seven studies [67][68][69][70][71][72][73] included in this category, only one study had provided gender wise data. The authors of this study reported that males had significant to highly significant higher prevalence for all the three molar relationships compared to females [70].…”