Occipitalization of the Atlas in Archaeological Material from the 16th–19th Century

Bašić, Željana; Anterić, Ivana; Škorić, Ela; Vilović, Katarina; Anđelinović, Šimun

doi:10.1002/oa.2240

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Isolated cases of atlas occipitalization have been documented in archaeological remains from ca. 600–500 BC and Greco‐Roman Egypt (Barclay‐Smith, ; Hussien et al ., ), Late Roman Corinth (Gejvall & Henschen, ), 1 st century BC to 3 rd century AD Armenia (Khudaverdyan, ), Anasazi sites (AD 750 to proto‐historic) in the American Southwest (Palkovich, ; Reed, ; Merbs & Euler, ; Akins, ; Barnes, ), an 11 th to 12 th century sample from Devín, Slovakia (Masnicová & Beňuš, ), the 17 th century site of Twardogóra in southern Poland (Senator & Gronkiewicz, ), a 16 th to 19 th century monastery in Split, Croatia (Bašić et al ., ), and Spain, Morocco, Illinois, and the Canary Islands (Aufderheide & Rodríguez‐Martin, ). In a number of these cases, the occipitalized atlas was associated with other vertebral anomalies, including block vertebrae and supernumerary cervical vertebrae (Barclay‐Smith, ; Merbs & Euler, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occipitalization of the Atlas in Two Female Skeletons from Apollonia Pontica, Bulgaria

Keenleyside

2012

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Occipitalization of the atlas was observed in two adult female skeletons from the Greek colonial site of Apollonia Pontica (5 th to 3 rd centuries BC), located on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Representing a rare congenital anomaly of the atlanto-occipital junction, this condition has been documented in very few skeletal remains from Classical antiquity. Postmortem damage to one of the specimens prevented an evaluation of its clinical significance. The dimensions of the second specimen, however, suggest that the affected individual may have experienced some neurological symptoms associated with her condition. The burial of the two females in close proximity to one another raises the possibility that they may have been biologically related.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occipitalization of the Atlas in Two Female Skeletons from Apollonia Pontica, Bulgaria

Keenleyside

2012

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…Drnasin, Anterić, Škorić, & Bečić, 2010;Anterić, Bašić, Škorić, & Anđelinović, 2011;Bašić, Anterić, Škorić, Vilović, & Anđelinović, 2014;Brothwell, 1981;Janaway, Wilson, Caffell, & Roberts, 2001;Stojanovski, Seidemann, & Doran, 2002;Šlaus, Novak, Bedic, & Strinovic, 2012). Therefore, developing a precise, unequivocal, and understandable terminology during the initial analysis of Vodnjan relics and the preparation of the relic catalog was crucial.…”

Section: Methodology For the Estimation Of The Degree Of Bone Preserv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropological individualization of relics from sarcophagus stored in Vodnjan monastery, Vodnjan, Croatia

Bašić

Janković

Anđelinović

et al. 2022

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Aim: To develop a methodology for the estimation of the preservation of human skeletal remains – the relics in the Vodnjan assembly; to estimate the minimum number of individuals (MNI), sex, and age; to evaluate the physical state of their remains, and to individualize the remains to verify the list of saints allegedly buried at the monastery. Methods: Standard crime scene investigation and forensic anthropology methods were used, including trace evidence marking, photography, minimum number of individuals (MNI) estimation, sex, age, stature estimation, pathological and traumatic changes examination, individuation, and individualization by the comparison to the biography. Results: The total sample of the bones in the Vodnjan relic collection was very poorly preserved. The MNI in the sarcophagus was twenty-two. Of those, three were female, twelve were male, and seven were subadults. Conclusion: The forensic approach to the documentation and analysis of relics was appropriate for this kind of skeletal material. The final identification was not possible because of the poor preservation of skeletal material and the lack of hagiographical (antemortem) data. However, the forensic anthropology approach enabled us to create osteobiographies, and after the comparison with the existing antemortem data, we could not exclude that the remains belonged to the named saints.

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“…Atlas occipitalization (AO), also termed atlanto-occipital fusion, atlas assimilation, and occipitocervical synostosis, is a spinal anomaly characterized by the partial or complete fusion of the first cervical (C1) vertebra, or atlas, to the occipital bone [1]. AO has been documented in human remains from archaeological sites across the world over the last few millennia [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. AO occurs in around 1% of prehistoric populations [5] and in 0.03-3.6% of contemporary populations [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-level assessment of atlas occipitalization in artificially modified crania from pre-Hispanic Peru

et al. 2020

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Atlas occipitalization (AO) is a spinal anomaly, characterized by the fusion of the first cervical vertebra and occipital bone, with a complex etiology that can arise from congenital and environmental causes. AO has been reported in three regions of pre-Hispanic Peru in skeletal remains with artificial cranial modification (ACM), which involves the use of compression devices to permanently alter cranial shape and may have affected the fusion of the atlas and occipital bone. The aims of this study were to gain insights into AO's etiology by testing correlations between AO and ACM presence/type and geographic region as well as to characterize morphological variation associated with AO. We investigated the geographic distribution of AO and its potential relationship to ACM in a large sample of human crania from eight coastal and highland regions of pre-Hispanic Peru, held at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History (n = 608, 1300-1500 CE). Eleven cases of AO were observed in three coastal regions-including two previously unreported regions-at an overall frequency of 1.8%. The frequency of AO did not differ significantly between crania with and without ACM, in general or by type, suggesting that ACM is not an etiological factor that influences AO in this sample. AO was observed at a significantly higher rate in the southern coastal region of Arequipa than in any other region. Genetic, dietary, and epidemiological conditions are evaluated as factors possibly shaping the geographic distribution of AO along the central and southern coasts of Peru.

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Occipitalization of the Atlas in Archaeological Material from the 16th–19th Century

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Occipitalization of the Atlas in Two Female Skeletons from Apollonia Pontica, Bulgaria

Occipitalization of the Atlas in Two Female Skeletons from Apollonia Pontica, Bulgaria

Anthropological individualization of relics from sarcophagus stored in Vodnjan monastery, Vodnjan, Croatia

Population-level assessment of atlas occipitalization in artificially modified crania from pre-Hispanic Peru

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