Occipital TMS at phosphene detection threshold captures attention automatically

Rangelov, Dragan; Müller, Hermann J.; Taylor, Paul C.J.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.01.035

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Specifically, the thalamic MD is an important substrate for the attention/intention circuits 41 as well as executive functions 42 as a part of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical connections 43 . These data implicate that FUS stimulation increased neural activity from the targeted V1 area and from the network of regions involved in visual and higher-order cognitive processes, which is also supported by existing literature on TMS-induced phosphene perception 27 28 29 . Interestingly, the activations in some of these remote brain regions, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…From three of the responsive subjects (‘h5’, ‘h9’, ‘h10’), patterned visual responses (‘vibrating’ or ‘line’) or colored-phosphene were reported. These types of phosphene sensations bear similarities to those reported in previous studies of TMS stimulation of the V1 27 28 29 , whereby the perception of weak lights having a pale white/gray or sometimes an ‘unsaturated color’ was reported, sometimes even accompanying the presence of textured visual patterns 30 31 . Although retinotopic or topographic localization in the visual responses was not seen in the present study, further systemic examination of the localized stimulation of sub-regions in the V1 would be advantageous to reveal the spatial propagation of FUS stimulation at the cortical surface as well as in depth with column organizations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…For example, the activations in the fronto-parietal (including IFG, MFG, mSFG, and precuneus/IPL) and temporal areas ( i.e. , STG and MTG), together with the ACC and PCC, which all sub-serve the attention networks for cognitive processing 24 25 26 , may indicate potential engagement of attentional processes during the perception of phosphene in response to sonication 27 . In this context, the cerebellum (including vermis), departing from its traditional role in motor coordination/planning, might have been activated for the perception of phosphene due to its role in attentional processes 36 and motion discrimination 37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation of human primary visual cortex

Lee

Kim

Jung

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

305

264

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Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) is making progress as a new non-invasive mode of regional brain stimulation. Current evidence of FUS-mediated neurostimulation for humans has been limited to the observation of subjective sensory manifestations and electrophysiological responses, thus warranting the identification of stimulated brain regions. Here, we report FUS sonication of the primary visual cortex (V1) in humans, resulting in elicited activation not only from the sonicated brain area, but also from the network of regions involved in visual and higher-order cognitive processes (as revealed by simultaneous acquisition of blood-oxygenation-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging). Accompanying phosphene perception was also reported. The electroencephalo graphic (EEG) responses showed distinct peaks associated with the stimulation. None of the participants showed any adverse effects from the sonication based on neuroimaging and neurological examinations. Retrospective numerical simulation of the acoustic profile showed the presence of individual variability in terms of the location and intensity of the acoustic focus. With exquisite spatial selectivity and capability for depth penetration, FUS may confer a unique utility in providing non-invasive stimulation of region-specific brain circuits for neuroscientific and therapeutic applications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation of human primary visual cortex

Lee

Kim

Jung

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

305

264

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These error rates (16% and 29%, respectively, for fixation and eye movements) are higher than found in many studies but similar to those from some exogenous cueing tasks using multisensory contexts or where the cue was made difficult to detect (e.g. Fuller et al, 2009;Ho et al, 2005;Rangelov et al, 2015;Santangelo et al, 2008).…”

Section: Accuracysupporting

confidence: 84%

Elements of exogenous attentional cueing preserved during optokinetic motion of the visual scene

Mastropasqua

Vural

Taylor

2022

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Navigating through our environment raises challenges for perception by generating salient background visual motion and eliciting prominent eye movements to stabilise the retinal image. It remains unclear if exogenous spatial attentional orienting is possible during background motion and the eye movements it causes and whether this compromises the underlying neural processing. To test this, we combined exogenous orienting, visual scene motion, and electroencephalography (EEG). A total of 26 participants viewed a background of moving black and grey bars (optokinetic stimulation). We tested for effects of non-spatially predictive peripheral cueing on visual motion discrimination of a target dot, presented either at the same (valid) or opposite (invalid) location as the preceding cue. Valid cueing decreased reaction times not only when participants kept their gaze fixed on a central point (fixation blocks) but also even when there was no fixation point, so that participants performed intensive, repetitive tracking eye movements (eye movement blocks). Overall, manual response reaction times were slower during eye movements. Cueing also produced reliable effects on neural activity on either block, including within the first 120 ms of neural processing of the target. The key pattern with larger event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes on invalid versus valid trials showed that the neural substrate of exogenous cueing was highly similar during eye movements or fixation. Exogenous peripheral cueing

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“…The center of the phosphene drawing was used for stimulus placement in Experiment 1 and 2 (see Fig. 1c ) – where we stimulated the same region, but with verified sub-threshold stimulation intensity (i.e., observers did not perceive phosphenes during the main experiments), to not contaminate the measure and capture attention ‘visually’ 94 . TMS coil positions eliciting phosphenes were validated before each experimental session.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociable roles of human frontal eye fields and early visual cortex in presaccadic attention – evidence from TMS

Hanning

Fernández

Carrasco

2023

Preprint

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Shortly before each saccadic eye movement, presaccadic attention improves visual sensitivity at the saccade target at the expense of lowered sensitivity at non-target locations. Some behavioral and neural correlates of presaccadic attention and covert attention are similar, which likewise enhances sensitivity but during fixation. This resemblance has led to the debatable notion that presaccadic and covert attention are functionally equivalent and rely on the same neural circuitry. At a broad scale, oculomotor brain structures (e.g., FEF) are also modulated during covert attention, yet by distinct neuronal subpopulations. Perceptual benefits of presaccadic attention rely on feedback from oculomotor structures to visual cortices; micro-stimulation of FEF in non-human primates affects activity in visual cortex and enhances visual sensitivity at the movement field of the stimulated neurons. Similar feedback projections seem to exist in humans: FEF+ activation precedes occipital activation during saccade preparation and FEF-TMS modulates activity and sensitivity in visual cortex and enhances perceived contrast in the contralateral hemifield. We investigated presaccadic feedback in humans by applying TMS to frontal and visual areas during saccade preparation. Measuring the effect on perception, we show their causal and differential role in contralateral presaccadic benefits at the saccade target and costs elsewhere: Whereas rFEF+ stimulation reduced presaccadic costs throughout saccade preparation, V1/V2 stimulation reduced presaccadic benefits only shortly before saccade onset. These effects provide causal evidence that presaccadic attention modulates perception through cortico-cortical feedback and further dissociate presaccadic and covert attention.

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Occipital TMS at phosphene detection threshold captures attention automatically

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation of human primary visual cortex

Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation of human primary visual cortex

Elements of exogenous attentional cueing preserved during optokinetic motion of the visual scene

Dissociable roles of human frontal eye fields and early visual cortex in presaccadic attention – evidence from TMS

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