Occasional smoking among adults: evidence from the California Tobacco Survey

Evans, Nicola; Gilpin, Elizabeth A.; Pierce, John P.; Burns, David M.; Borland, Ron; Johnson, Michael D.; Bal, Dileep G.

doi:10.1136/tc.1.3.169

Cited by 112 publications

(115 citation statements)

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“…It cannot be determined from these data whether intermittent smoking among college students is a recent phenomenon. It is also unknown (1) whether this behavior represents delayed experimentation and initiation among these young adults, who will then go on to become daily smokers; (2) whether it is a transient pattern leading to smoking cessation after college; or (3) whether long-term intermittent smoking will be a more common pattern of tobacco use among the cohort of smokers born after the release of the 1964 surgeon general's report (who started smoking in an environment of widespread information about the dangers of smoking and more pervasive restrictions on smoking).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent smokers: a descriptive analysis of persons who have never smoked daily.

Husten

McCarty²,

Giovino³

et al. 1998

Am J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the prevalence of and demographic variables associated with lifetime never-daily smoking in the United States. METHODS: Descriptive demographic data and logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations with never-daily smoking. RESULTS: Lifetime never-daily smokers constituted a significant minority of non-White smokers. There was a strong association between never-daily smoking and college education among young adults, particularly men. Although never-daily smoking was associated with initiation behavior among young smokers, it also represented a persistent pattern for some smokers, particularly non-Whites and Hispanics. CONCLUSIONS: The demographic distribution of never-daily smoking may have implications for developing culturally appropriate smoking prevention and cessation strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent smokers: a descriptive analysis of persons who have never smoked daily.

Husten

McCarty²,

Giovino³

et al. 1998

Am J Public Health

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“…Individuals 25 years and younger were excluded from this category, because many of these younger smokers are still engaged in the process of smoking uptake and therefore may not have reached a stable level of average daily consumption or solidified their intentions regarding quitting. 21,22 All smokers who did not meet the criteria for hardcore smoking were considered non-hardcore smokers.…”

Section: Definition Of Hard Corementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing and identifying "hard-core" smokers: implications for further reducing smoking prevalence

Emery

Gilpin²,

Ake³

et al. 2000

Am J Public Health

135

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OBJECTIVES: Some smokers may never quit. Depending on how many of these "hard-core" smokers exist, tobacco control efforts could reach the limits of a minimum achievable smoking prevalence. We defined the hard core as heavy smokers with weak quitting histories who expect never to quit smoking. We compared them with other smokers and analyzed whether they represent a meaningful barrier to further reducing smoking prevalence. METHODS: We used data from the 1996 California Tobacco Surveys (18616 adults; response rate = 72.9%). RESULTS: In 1996, 5.2% of California smokers 26 years and older (1.3% of the California population) were hard-core smokers. Compared with other smokers, hard-core smokers were more likely to be retired non-Hispanic White males, with 12 years or less of education and incomes below $30,000 a year, who live alone. They began smoking at younger ages and attributed fewer negative health consequences to smoking than other smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Current tobacco control efforts have a long way to go before they "hit the wall." Nonetheless, the group of hard-core smokers represents a challenge because they appear to be largely unaffected by the messages of tobacco control.

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“…The variation is in how nondaily smoking is defi ned: specifi cally, whether a defi nition is descriptive but imprecise ( " nondaily, " " some-day use, " " occasional, " " occasional but not regularly " ); whether a minimum is specifi ed for lifetime consumption (e.g., at least 100 cigarettes or 100 times); or whether the defi nition is based on cigarettes smoked per day, average number of cigarettes smoked per day, or days or times smoked in a week or a month ( Biener & Albers, 2004 ;Borland, 1994 ;DiFranza et al, 2000 ;Etter, 2004 ;Etter, Le Houezec, & Perneger, 2003 ;Evans et al, 1992 ;Fergusson & Horwood, 1995 ;Fornai et al, 2001 ;Gilpin et al, 1997 ;Hennrikus, Jeffery, & Lando, 1996 ;Hines, Fretz, & Nollen, 1998 ;Hines, Nollen, & Fretz, 1996 ;Holmen, Barrett-Connor, Holmen, & Bjermer, 2000 ;Kenford et al, 2005 ;Koontz et al, 2004 ;Luoto, Uutela, & Puska, 2000 ;McDermott, Dobson, & Owen, 2007 ;Morley et al, 2006 ;Okuyemi et al, 2004 ;Okuyemi, Richter, et al, 2002 ;Paavola, Vartiainen, & Puska, 2001 ;Sargent, Mott, & Stevens, 1998 ;Stanton et al, 2007 ;Stone & Kristeller, 1992 ;Wetter et al, 2004 ;Zhu et al, 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%