Obtaining and Characterization of a Polyurethane Carrier Used for Eugenol as a Possible Remedy in Oral Therapies

Abstract

The cloves are antiseptic, antiparasitic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anesthetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, tonic, carminative, anti-ulcer, antithrombotic, antioxidant and anti-cancerous. They contain eugenol, tannins and flavonoids that also help to strengthen the vein wall. This paper presents the obtaining and the characterization of a polyurethane drug delivery system which can be used for the transmembrane transport of eugenol in oral therapies. The products were analyzed by pH and solubility measurements, thermal decomposition and zetasizer tests and they were applied on mice skin to evaluate their harmfulness. The results suggest that were obtained neutral pH structures with low solubility and a good thermal stability, with sizes between 241 and 289 nm and no toxicity effect was found in the case of studied samples.

Pleiotropic Effects of Eugenol: The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown

“…The polyurethane nanostructures represent a safe formulation as previously reported [ 25 ], since they neither elicited a cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cells regardless of the incubation period (Figures 1(a) – 1(c) , P group) nor interfered with their migration ( Figure 2 , P group). However, the nanoformulations significantly depressed the cellular metabolism at 72 h ( Figure 5 , P group).…”

“…The polyurethane nanostructures represent a safe formulation as previously reported [25], since they neither elicited a cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cells regardless of the incubation Figure 5: The effects of 72 h incubation of HaCaT cells on OCR and ECAR. Data are presented as mean ± SD.…”

“…In line with these observations, we aimed to investigate the effect of eugenol, free, or encapsulated in polyurethane nanoformulations [ 25 ], on both mitochondrial bioenergetics and glycolysis in SCC-4 human squamous cell carcinoma cells by means of the extracellular flux analyzer Seahorse XF24e (Agilent Technologies Inc.). This automatic platform provides a simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as an indicator of mitochondrial respiration, and the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) as an indirect measurement of anaerobic glycolysis, according to a previously described method [ 116 ].…”

“…After oral administration in humans, eugenol is rapidly absorbed, metabolized, and almost completely excreted into urine as sulphate or glucuronide conjugates [ 24 ]. To overcome these disadvantages, a previous study reported the encapsulation of eugenol in polyurethane nanostructures with good thermal stability and encapsulation efficiency that can be further used for in vitro and in vivo testing [ 25 ].…”

Characterization of the Eugenol Effects on the Bioenergetic Profile of SCC-4 Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line

“…In the present study, the morphology of SCC-4 human squamous cell carcinoma cells was evaluated at 24 h post stimulation with EU. Since our research group recently synthesized safety polyurethane structures containing EU in order to increase its therapeutic time of action [18], cells were randomized in 4 groups:…”