Obstructive Sleep Apnea High-Risk Prevalence, Symptoms and Sleepiness among Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Seen at the Out-Patient Department of Philippine General Hospital

Abstract

Objectives. We determined the prevalence of patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at the out-patient department (OPD) of the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) from December 1, 2018 - February 28, 2019. We described the demographic characteristics of patients with uncontrolled T2DM and compared them with high and low OSA risk, its association, and correlation with the quality of sleep.
 Methods. This is a prospective cross-sectional study among uncontrolled T2DM. The questionnaires were Berlin Questionnaire (screen OSA-HR) and Epworth Sleepiness Score (level of sleepiness). Clinicodemographic profile and significant laboratory data were obtained. Descriptive statistics utilized. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables between patients with high vs low OSA risk and to determine if an association exists between OSA-HR and sleep quality.
 Results. A total of 240 participants, 88 males and 151 females, were included in the study. The overall prevalence of OSA-HR among patients with uncontrolled type 2DM is 58.33%. The majority of the OSA–HR patients (105/140) was 46 years old and above. There is a significant association of tonsillar grade, Mallampati score, BMI, HbA1c, hypercholesterolonemia, and Epworth sleepiness on OSA High risk. There is also a substantial association with age, BMI, Mallampati score, tonsillar grade, hypertension, asthma, HbA1c, and hypercholesterelonemia on the level of sleepiness of OSA-HR.
 Conclusion. There is a high prevalence of high OSA-risk among patients with uncontrolled DM. Factors associated with high OSA-risk among uncontrolled diabetes mellitus include HbA1c, dyslipidemia, BMI, Mallampati score, tonsillar grade, and Epworth score.