Obstructive sleep apnea and anatomical structures of the nasomaxillary complex in adolescents

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to reveal the associations between skeletal and soft tissue features of the nasomaxillary complex and development and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adolescents. A total of 100 adolescents (mean age, 14.9 ± 1.4 years; age range, 13–17 years) were enrolled. All participants underwent full-night polysomnography and had an assessment of size and position of the tongue, tonsillar size, body mass index (BMI), and circumference of the waist, neck, and hip. The skeletal features of the nasomaxillary complex, including the zygomatic arch width, nasal cavity width, nasal base width, intercanine width, intermolar width, maxillary dental arch length, palatal vault angle, palatal depth, and SNA were measured on the three-dimensional images constructed with computed tomography data. Participants with an apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) of lower than 5 (AHI ≤ 5) were classified as control and participants while those with an AHI of greater than 5 were classified as OSA group. Each variable with a significant outcome in the independent T-test and age and sex factors were integrated into the multivariate linear regression and the dependent variable was AHI. There were significant differences in the BMI and hip circumference between two groups. The width of nasal base, palatal vault angle and SNA also showed significant differences between groups. The results from multivariate linear regression demonstrated that the BMI, width of the nasal base, and SNA showed significant contributions to the severity of OSA in adolescents. The features of the nasomaxillary complex seemed to have significant influences on development and severity of OSA.

Correlation between dental arch form and OSA severity in adult patients: an observational study

“…At the same time, the palatal height itself is not a reliable indicator of maxillary contraction [ 12 ], and its role in the development of OSA is still a topic of discussion. A recent review [ 27 ] reported that palatal height does not have a significant correlation with the onset of OSA. In the present study, the inverse correlation between ODI and palatal height may be due to the reduced overall palatal surface available for the tongue, as also confirmed by the significant decrease in the palatal area reported in the current findings.…”

Internal structural analysis of the nasomaxillary complex in patients with skeletal class III asymmetry: A study on asymmetry patterns

“…We chose an effect size of 0.4 based on a similar previous study. 29 SPSS 22.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY) was used for statistical analysis. To determine intra-examiner reliability, the same examiner repeated the measurements on 10 sets of randomly selected CBCT data after a 2-week interval.…”

“…Power analysis indicated that a total sample size of 100 participants, comprising 20 subjects in the symmetric group and 80 subjects in the asymmetric groups who were involved in this study for post hoc analysis, would yield a statistical power of 92.4 at a significance level of 0.05, with an effect size of 0.4. We chose an effect size of 0.4 based on a similar previous study 29 …”

Oral Health Implications of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Literature Review

“…The typical anatomic relationships inside the oral cavity may also be altered by malocclusion and changes in the location or tone of the soft palate, which can restrict the airway and exacerbate OSA symptoms [17,18]. Furthermore, increased airway blockage during sleep may result from changes in tongue position brought on by changes in tooth structure [19,20]. Furthermore, mouth breathing can worsen dry mouth and increase the risk of dental caries.…”