Obsessive Compulsive Symptom Dimensions and Suicide: The Moderating Role of Anxiety Sensitivity Cognitive Concerns

Anxiety and Shame as Risk Factors for Depression, Suicidality, and Functional Impairment in Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

“…Similar associations among those with BDD highlight that, although anxiety is not as elevated in BDD, it may be a similarly strong risk factor for adverse outcomes in BDD as in OCD. In contrast to some prior OCD research (Raines et al, 2014; Storch et al, 2015), anxiety was not significantly associated with suicidality in BDD or OCD in the final model. This difference may be due to the inclusion of shame in our models.…”

“…Despite this difference, anxiety was significantly, similarly associated with depression, housebound rates, and impairment in both groups. Results are consistent with the cognitive-behavioral model and research highlighting the important role of anxiety in distress and impairment within OCD (e.g., Albert et al, 2010; Raines et al, 2014; Rapaport et al, 2005; Storch et al, 2015). Similar associations among those with BDD highlight that, although anxiety is not as elevated in BDD, it may be a similarly strong risk factor for adverse outcomes in BDD as in OCD.…”

“…Moreover, within the broader psychological literature, anxiety has been shown to be a risk factor for depression, suicide risk, and functional impairment (e.g., Batterham et al, 2013; Fawcett, 2013; Löwe et al, 2008; Oglesby et al, 2015). More specifically, within OCD a small amount of research has demonstrated that anxiety may be a risk factor for suicidality (Raines et al, 2014; Storch et al, 2015) and functional impairment (Albert et al, 2010; Rapaport et al, 2005). In BDD, there is preliminary evidence that anxiety is a risk factor for functional impairment (Marques et al, 2011a), and that the presence of comorbid anxiety disorders is associated with increased likelihood of having comorbid MDD (Phillips et al, 2007).…”

Obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions and insomnia: The mediating role of anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns

“…Specifically, individuals with OCD are thought to evaluate intrusive thoughts as especially important or meaningful, leading to increased attempts at suppression (Purdon, 2008). It has been suggested that the recurrent and intrusive nature of these obsessions coupled with unsuccessful attempts at suppression may lead one to conclude that they have lost control over their cognitive capacities (Raines et al, 2014a). Additionally, the tendency to excessively monitor and overvalue one's thoughts may in turn lead to more negative appraisals as well as increased anxiety and hyperarousal.…”

Transdiagnostic emotional vulnerabilities linking obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms in a community-based sample of adolescents

“…Evidence from various clinical and nonclinical participant populations link poor distress tolerance with both OCD (Cougle, Timpano, & Goetz, ; Cougle, Timpano, Fitch, & Hawkins, ; Cougle, Timpano, Sarawgi, Smith, & Fitch, ; Macatee, Capron, Schmidt, & Cougle, ) and depressive (Ali, Seitz‐Brown, & Daughters, ; Brandt, Zvolensky, & Bonn‐Miller, , O'Cleirigh & Ironson ; Buckner, Keough, & Schmidt, ; Ellis, Vanderlind, & Beevers, ; Gorka, Ali, & Daughters, , Magidson et al., , Tull & Gratz ; McHugh et al., ) symptoms. Much like distress tolerance, anxiety sensitivity has also been implicated in clinical and nonclinical samples with OCD (Calamari, Rector, Woodard, Cohen, & Chik, ; Olatunji & Wolitzky‐Taylor ; Raines, Capron, Bontempo, Dane, & Schmidt, ; Storch et al., ; Wheaton, Mahaffey, Timpano, Berman, & Abramowitz, ), as well as depression in clinical and nonclinical samples (Otto, Pollack, Fava, Uccello, & Rosenbaum, ; Rector, Szacun‐Shimizu, & Leybman, ; Taylor, Koch, Woody, & McLean, ; Tull & Gratz ; Zavos, Rijsdijk, & Eley, ). Moreover, anhedonia demonstrates a similar relationship with depression and OCD, as it is a diagnostic criterion for the former (APA a), and it was recently shown to positively correlate with OCD severity after controlling for depression in an online sample of adults with OCD (Abramovitch, Pizzagalli, Reuman, & Wilhelm, ).…”