Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder following Brain Injury: A Review

Coetzer, Bernardus

doi:10.2190/xenn-nnwt-7n2k-r26a

Cited by 67 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Neuroanatomical findings suggest that dysfunctions in the orbitofrontalstriatal circuitry, which are also directly associated with executive functions, may contribute to the pathophysiology of OCD. 54 Deficits in cognitive flexibility and response inhibition have also been linked to alterations in orbitofrontal-striatal circuitry in pediatric OCD. 44 Previous studies of unaffected first-degree relatives of adult patients with OCD have reported cognitive deficits in various domains, such as planning, 55 response inhibition, set-shifting, 30 and decision-making.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological dysfunction in adults with early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: the search for a cognitive endophenotype

Zhang¹,

Yang²,

Yang

2015

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: Evidence suggests that early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an etiologically distinct subtype of OCD. The objective of the present work was to search for neurocognitive endophenotypes of early-onset OCD based on assessments of attention, memory, and executive function in patients with the disorder and their unaffected siblings. Methods: We compared the performance of 40 adult patients with early-onset OCD, 40 of their unaffected siblings, and 40 unrelated healthy controls on a neuropsychological battery designed for this study. We searched for associations among test performance, demographic variables (age, sex and years of education) and clinical symptoms of early-onset OCD.Results: Patients performed significantly worse than healthy controls on the Tower of Hanoi, and the Stroop and Wisconsin tests, indicating impairments in planning, mental flexibility and inhibitory control. The performance of the unaffected first-degree siblings of patients with early-onset OCD on the Stroop and Wisconsin tests also differed from that of healthy controls. Symptom severity in earlyonset OCD was strongly correlated with performance on the Tower of Hanoi. Conclusions: Our findings support the existence of specific executive function deficits in patients with early-onset OCD. Relatives presented an intermediate phenotype between patients and controls, suggesting that executive functions such as mental flexibility and response inhibition may be considered candidate endophenotypes of early-onset OCD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological dysfunction in adults with early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: the search for a cognitive endophenotype

Zhang¹,

Yang²,

Yang

2015

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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“…Some studies have examined the development of symptoms of OCD after brain injury 15. Damage to the basal ganglia (especially the caudate), the OFC, and the ACC16–22 are associated with the acquisition of OCD symptoms following brain injury 15.…”

Section: The Brain Areas Involved In Ocdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Damage to the basal ganglia (especially the caudate), the OFC, and the ACC16–22 are associated with the acquisition of OCD symptoms following brain injury 15. Dysfunction of the basal ganglia secondary to a streptococcal infection23 or encephalitis lethargica24 has also been associated with the development of OCD symptoms.…”

Section: The Brain Areas Involved In Ocdmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Psychological and Neuroanatomical Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Huey¹,

Zahn²,

Moll³

et al. 2008

Journal of Neuropsychiatry

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Imaging, surgical, and lesion studies suggest that the prefrontal cortex (orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortexes), basal ganglia, and thalamus are involved in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). On the basis of these findings several models of OCD have been developed, but have had difficulty fully integrating the psychological and neuroanatomical findings of OCD. Recent research in the field of cognitive neuroscience on the normal function of these brain areas demonstrates the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in reward, the anterior cingulate cortex in error detection, the basal ganglia in affecting the threshold for activation of motor and behavioral programs, and the prefrontal cortex in storing memories of behavioral sequences (called “structured event complexes” or SECs). The authors propose that the initiation of these SECs can be accompanied by anxiety that is relieved with completion of the SEC, and that a deficit in this process could be responsible for many of the symptoms of OCD. Specifically, the anxiety can form the basis of an obsession, and a compulsion can be an attempt to receive relief from the anxiety by repeating parts of, or an entire, SEC. The authors discuss empiric support for, and specific experimental predictions of, this model. The authors believe that this model explains the specific symptoms, and integrates the psychology and neuroanatomy of OCD better than previous models.

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“…For example, some patients may show repetitive behaviors due to memory problems, or perseveration as a consequence of executive defi cits, becoming anxious when they become aware of their diffi culties (Coetzer 2003). In contrast, patients with impaired self-awareness may not realize obsessions and compulsions as excessive or unreasonable.…”

Section: Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Diagnosis and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric disorders and traumatic brain injury

Schwarzbold¹,

Diaz²,

Martins

et al. 2008

NDT

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Psychiatric disorders after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are frequent. Researches in this area are important for the patients' care and they may provide hints for the comprehension of primary psychiatric disorders. Here we approach epidemiology, diagnosis, associated factors and treatment of the main psychiatric disorders after TBI. Finally, the present situation of the knowledge in this fi eld is discussed.

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder following Brain Injury: A Review

Abstract: There appears to be some convergance between findings from studies of the neuropsychology of idiopathic OCD and neuro-imaging of OCD following brain injury.

Cited by 67 publications

References 81 publications

Neuropsychological dysfunction in adults with early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: the search for a cognitive endophenotype

Neuropsychological dysfunction in adults with early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: the search for a cognitive endophenotype

A Psychological and Neuroanatomical Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Psychiatric disorders and traumatic brain injury

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