Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Factor-Analyzed Symptom Dimensions and Serotonin Transporter Polymorphism

Kim, Se Joo; Lee, Hong Shick; Kim, Chan-Hyung

doi:10.1159/000088860

Cited by 61 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Four studies involving 679 participants were conducted on children (26-29), and 17 studies involving 4,445 participants were of adults (6,10,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(30)(31)(32)(33). The factor structure of the studies involving adults was identical to those involving the total sample.…”

Section: Factor Analysis Results For Studies Involving Adults and Chimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight studies involving 1,917 subjects involved subjects from non-English-speaking countries (15,17,19,22,24,26,30,33). Factor analysis generated a four-factor solution that explained 77.8% of the variance.…”

Section: Factor Analysis Results For Studies Involving English-speakimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 21 factor analytic studies of the Y-BOCS CL involving 5,124 participants were included in this meta-analysis (6,10,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33). Table 1 displays the demographic information and results of these individual studies.…”

Section: Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meta-Analysis of the Symptom Structure of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Bloch¹,

Landeros-Weisenberger²,

Rosário³

et al. 2015

FOC

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Objective-OCD is a clinically heterogeneous condition. This heterogeneity has the potential to reduce power in genetic, neuroimaging, and clinical trials. Despite a mounting number of studies, there remains debate regarding the exact factor structure of OCD symptoms. The authors conducted a meta-analysis to determine the factor structure of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist.Method-Studies were included if they involved subjects with OCD and included an exploratory factor analysis of the 13 Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist categories or the items therein. A varimax-rotation was conducted in SAS 9.1 using the PROC FACTOR CORR to extract factors from sample-size weighted co-occurrence matrices. Stratified metaanalysis was conducted to determine the factor structure of OCD in studies involving children and adults separately.Results-Twenty-one studies involving 5,124 participants were included. The four factors generated were 1) symmetry: symmetry obsessions and repeating, ordering, and counting compulsions; 2) forbidden thoughts: aggression, sexual, religious, and somatic obsessions and checking compulsions, 3) cleaning: cleaning and contamination, and 4) hoarding: hoarding obsessions and compulsions. Factor analysis of studies including adults yielded an identical factor structure compared to the overall meta-analysis. Factor analysis of child-only studies differed in that checking loaded highest on the symmetry factor and somatic obsessions, on the cleaning factor.Conclusions-A four-factor structure explained a large proportion of the heterogeneity in the clinical symptoms of OCD. Further item-level factor analyses are needed to determine the appropriate placement of miscellaneous somatic and checking OCD symptoms.Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive, intrusive thoughts and images and/or by repetitive, ritualistic physical or mental acts performed to reduce the attendant anxiety. OCD is common, affecting 1%-3% of people in both adult and pediatric samples (1-3). OCD is a clinically heterogeneous condition such that two patients with clear OCD can display completely distinct symptom patterns. Despite this obvious phenotypic heterogeneity, DSM-IV and ICD-10 have regarded OCD as a unitary nosological entity.Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Bloch, Yale Child Study Center, 230 South Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06520; michael.bloch@yale.edu. The authors report no competing interests. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptAm J Psychiatry. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 April 01.Published in final edited form as: Am J Psychiatry. 2008 December ; 165(12): 1532-1542. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08020320. NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptThis heterogeneity has the potential to reduce power in genetic, neuroimaging and natural history studies as well as clinical trials (4).With the ongoing deliberations concerning DSM-V, a vast majority of OCD experts surveyed worldwide agreed ...

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Section: Factor Analysis Results For Studies Involving Adults and Chimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factor Analysis Results For Studies Involving English-speakimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Meta-Analysis of the Symptom Structure of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Bloch¹,

Landeros-Weisenberger²,

Rosário³

et al. 2015

FOC

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show abstract

“…1 In terms of 5-HTTLPR, individuals with l/l (n ¼ 52) and l/s (n ¼ 219) genotypes were merged together as in previous research (Kim et al, 2005). For Stin2, there were few participants with 10R/ 10R (n ¼ 3), 12R/13R (n ¼ 2), 12R/14R (n ¼ 2) and 12R/15R (n ¼ 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 10R allele of STin2 has been associated with lower transcriptional activity than the 12R allele (Fiskerstrand et al, 1999). Earlier studies Hu et al, 2006;Kim et al, 2005;McDougle et al, 1998) and a recent review (Bloch et al, 2008b) reported that the l allele of 5-HTTLPR was a risk factor for OCD while some other studies reported that the s allele was a risk factor (Lin, 2007;Perez et al, 2006). As mentioned early, interactions of SLCA64 by gender on OCD (Dickel et al, 2007;Voyiaziakis et al, 2011) and OCPD (Blom et al, 2011), were also reported.…”

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confidence: 89%