Obsessive-compulsive disorder and executive deficits in two patients with primary dystonia

Bugalho, Paulo; Corrêa, Bernardo; Guimarães, João Tiago; Xavier, Miguel

doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.12.009

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Yet, the results were not significantly correlated to disease severity or disease duration. Additionally, executive deficits, especially deficits in inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, have been described in earlier studies with CD patients (Aita et al, 2022;Bugalho et al, 2006;Foley et al, 2017;Scott et al, 2003). In line with these studies, our study shows that deficits in inhibitory control seem to be part of the CD phenotype.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Moving on with (social) cognition in idiopathic cervical dystonia

Coenen,

Spikman,

Smit

et al. 2024

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objective: Cervical dystonia (CD) is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions causing sustained twisting movements and abnormal postures of the neck and head. Assumed affected neuronal regions are the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuits, which are also involved in cognitive functioning. Indeed, impairments in different cognitive domains have been found in CD patients. However, to date studies have only investigated a limited range of cognitive functions within the same sample. In particular, social cognition (SC) is often missing from study designs. Hence, we aimed to evaluate a broad range of cognitive functions including SC in CD patients. Method: In the present study 20 idiopathic CD patients and 40 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched healthy controls (HCs) were assessed with tests for non-SC (verbal memory, psychomotor speed, and executive functions) as well as for SC (emotion recognition, Theory of Mind (ToM), and empathy). Results: CD patients scored on average significantly lower than HC on tests for non-SC, but did not show impairments on any of the tests for SC. Conclusions: The current study showed impairments in non-SC in CD, but intact social cognitive functions. These results underline the importance of recognizing non-motor symptoms in idiopathic CD patients, but emphasize a focus on identifying strengths and weaknesses in cognitive functioning as these influence daily life activities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Moving on with (social) cognition in idiopathic cervical dystonia

Coenen,

Spikman,

Smit

et al. 2024

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…In an earlier study, our group found higher OCS scores and more perseveration errors (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) in PFD than healthy controls 27. This association of PFD, OCS, and perseveration argues further for shared neurobiological factors common to PFD and OCD 28, 29. Because we used healthy subjects as controls, we could not control for the effects of chronic disability on psychopathology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in primary focal dystonia: A controlled study

Barahona-Corrêa

Bugalho

Guimarães³

et al. 2011

Movement Disorders

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Primary focal dystonia is an idiopathic neurological disorder causing involuntary muscle contraction. Its pathophysiology probably involves the basal ganglia and cortical-basal pathways. Primary dystonia appears to be associated with significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but evidence remains scarce and contradictory. We addressed the following research questions: (1) Do primary dystonia patients have high obsessive-compulsive symptom scores? (2) Are these symptoms more severe in dystonia than in controls with equivalent peripheral neurological disorders? and (3) Is psychopathology different in botulinum toxin-treated and -untreated dystonia patients? This work was a cross-sectional, descriptive, controlled study comprising 45 consecutive patients with primary focal dystonia (i.e., blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, or writer's cramp) 46 consecutive patients with hemifacial spasm, cervical spondylarthropathy, or carpal tunnel syndrome, and 30 healthy volunteers. Assessment included the DSM-IV based psychiatric interview, Symptom Checklist 90R, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and Checklist, and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale. Dystonia patients had higher Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom scores than both control groups. Dystonia patients with obsessive-compulsive symptom scores above cut-off for clinical significance predominantly developed hygiene-related symptoms. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses in primary focal dystonia. Obsessive-compulsive disorder frequency was 6.7%. Primary focal dystonia patients have higher obsessive-compulsive symptom scores than individuals with similar functional disabilities resulting from other neurological disorders, suggesting that obsessive-compulsive symptoms in dystonia are not reactive to chronic disability. Dystonic muscle contractions and obsessive-compulsive symptoms may share a common neurobiological basis related to cortical-basal dysfunction. Psychopathology, especially obsessive-compulsive symptoms, should be actively explored and treated in primary focal dystonia.

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“…Interestingly, the cognitive deficits described in OCD are reminiscent of those described in dystonia: executive, attention, and visual‐spatial deficits 19, 20. Furthermore, dystonia, executive deficits and intense obsessive‐compulsive symptoms (OCS) have been described in two brothers with pantothenate kinase‐associated neurodegeneration, and we recently reported two patients with primary dystonia, OCD and executive dysfunction 21, 22. OCS, cognitive executive dysfunction and dystonia may thus share a common etiology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%