Obsessive–compulsive disorder

Stein, Dan J.; Costa, Daniel L.; Löchner, Christine; Miguel, Eurí­pedes Constantino; Reddy, Y. C. Janardhan; Shavitt, Roseli Gedanke; Heuvel, Odile A. van den; Simpson, Helen Blair

doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0102-3

Cited by 381 publications

(337 citation statements)

References 201 publications

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“…Third, few studies have analyzed these imaging modalities in combination, despite the increasing recognition that multi-modal analysis of imaging data can help identify brain-behavior links [58]. Finally, although some single-site studies report significant correlations between brain circuit abnormalities (using DWI and rs-fMRI) and different neurocognitive [43] and clinical profiles [47,59], the reproducibility of these findings needs rigorous testing across larger and more diverse populations using harmonized methods not only for brain imaging, but also for clinical phenotyping and neurocognitive testing [60].…”

Section: Rationale Why Study Ocd?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward identifying reproducible brain signatures of obsessive-compulsive profiles: rationale and methods for a new global initiative

et al. 2020

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Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has a lifetime prevalence of 2-3% and is a leading cause of global disability. Brain circuit abnormalities in individuals with OCD have been identified, but important knowledge gaps remain. The goal of the new global initiative described in this paper is to identify robust and reproducible brain signatures of measurable behaviors and clinical symptoms that are common in individuals with OCD. A global approach was chosen to accelerate discovery, to increase rigor and transparency, and to ensure generalizability of results. Methods: We will study 250 medication-free adults with OCD, 100 unaffected adult siblings of individuals with OCD, and 250 healthy control subjects at five expert research sites across five countries (Brazil, India, Netherlands, South Africa, and the U.S.). All participants will receive clinical evaluation, neurocognitive assessment, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The imaging will examine multiple brain circuits hypothesized to underlie OCD behaviors, focusing on morphometry (T1-weighted MRI), structural connectivity (Diffusion Tensor Imaging), and functional connectivity (resting-state fMRI). In addition to analyzing each imaging modality separately, we will also use multi-modal fusion with machine learning statistical methods in an attempt to derive imaging signatures that distinguish individuals with OCD from unaffected siblings and healthy controls (Aim #1). Then we will examine how these imaging signatures link to behavioral performance on neurocognitive tasks that probe these same circuits as well as to clinical profiles (Aim #2). Finally, we will explore how specific environmental features (childhood trauma, socioeconomic status, and religiosity) moderate these brain-behavior associations.

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Section: Rationale Why Study Ocd?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward identifying reproducible brain signatures of obsessive-compulsive profiles: rationale and methods for a new global initiative

et al. 2020

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“…Different studies suggest OCD to affect up to 3.1% of the general population and to be associated with substantial disability and decreased quality of life (Fontenelle, Mendlowicz, & Versiani, 2006; Ruscio, Stein, Chiu, & Kessler, 2010). One of the main clusters of symptoms of OCD involves fear of contamination and washing compulsions (Stein et al, 2019). Individuals with OCD and fear of contamination may spend hours worrying about the possibility of contacting an infections illness, avoiding potential contaminants (such as not touching certain surfaces or decreasing social contacts), and/or engaging in compulsive washing behaviors of different sorts (such as taking excessively long showers or spending hours washing or disinfecting hands, and not rarely, harming their skin).…”

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confidence: 99%

The impact of coronavirus (COVID‐19) in the diagnosis and treatment of obsessive‐compulsive disorder

Fontenelle

Miguel

2020

Depress Anxiety

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“…A recent network meta-analysis found memantine, topiramate, and lamotrigine to be significantly superior to placebo [18]. Despite some inconsistent evidence [24], memantine [18] and N-acetylcysteine [25] have the best evidence base as augmenting agents. The literature on riluzole is limited [26].…”

Section: Glutamate-modulating Drugs As Potential Therapeutic Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are current pharmacotherapeutic strategies effective in treating OCD?

Reddy

Arumugham

2020

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

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Obsessive–compulsive disorder

Cited by 381 publications

References 201 publications

Toward identifying reproducible brain signatures of obsessive-compulsive profiles: rationale and methods for a new global initiative

Toward identifying reproducible brain signatures of obsessive-compulsive profiles: rationale and methods for a new global initiative

The impact of coronavirus (COVID‐19) in the diagnosis and treatment of obsessive‐compulsive disorder

Are current pharmacotherapeutic strategies effective in treating OCD?

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